Granuloma gigantocelular central del maxilar inferior: Presentación de un caso pediátrico / Giant cell granuloma of the lower jaw: Description of a pediatric case

El granuloma gigantocelular central (GGCC), es una lesión tumoral o seudotumoral, infrecuente de los huesos de la cabeza y cuello, que afecta más frecuentemente los maxilares. Su etiología y patogenia son poco conocidas, sus características histológicas son benignas y su comportamiento biológico puede ser agresivo localmente. Presentamos el caso de un niño de 6 años con esta afección y realizamos una revisión de la entidad y sus diagnósticos diferenciales con otras lesiones de los maxilares.

Giant Cell Granuloma (GCG) is an uncommon condition affecting the bones of the head and neck. The ethiology and pathophysiology are not completely understood. The histlogic characteristics of GCG are benign, but its biologic behavior could locally aggressive. We describe the case of a 6 year-old boy with GCG and performed a review of the entity ant their differential diagnosis with other lesions of the maxillary bones.

Use of correction procedures in ploidy analysis of oral carcinomas

Ploidy analysis is an aid in the diagnosis and evaluation of prognosis of tumors. Image analysis is a relatively simple technique to assess ploidy that can be carried out with accessible equipment. However, it requires the use of accurate technical procedures to avoid methodological errors that may bias the measurements. We previously developed two procedures that are simple to apply in routine work and serve to correct the errors derived from the measurement of large nuclei that are not fully contained in the thickness of the section and those derived from non-specific background readings. In the present study we applied these corrections to the retrospective ploidy analysis of a series of 67 patients with oral carcinoma with a follow-up time of 18 months. Thirty-four patients were alive at the end of the study, 33 were deceased. The ploidy values and the malignancy indices corresponding to the deceased and live patients with TNM stage III and IV carcinomas at the time of biopsy were significantly different. There were no significant differences in ploidy values between live and deceased patients with TNM stage I and II at the time of biopsy. The corrections improved the sensitivity of the method and thus the statistical significance of the data. These data suggest that the method proposed may be of use to estimate lesion evolution, in particular in patients with advanced oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Scientific presentations and their publication. Experience over a 10-year period in the Argentine Division of the I.A.D.R

At present the [quot ]Impact Factor[quot ] developed by the Scientific Information Institute (Philadelphia), is an indicator of the quality of the journals in terms of the quality of the papers which are published. The results of odontological research which are presented and discussed at the annual meetings of the DAAIIO are proof of the quality and quantity of scientific production in this area in Argentina. Presentations are undoubtedly numerous. However, their diffusion and qualitative evaluation are of utmost importance. One way to estimate these parameters would be to monitor the ratio between number of presentations and their publication as full papers in journals with a system of referees (Ratio Publ./Pres.). With this aim in mind the presentations at DAAIIO over the 1980-1989 period were considered. Employing the author index of the DAAIIO meetings, we searched for possible publications in the Index Dental and the Index Medicus. The references were compared with the results presented to disregard publications which had not been previously presented at DAAIIO meetings. The data obtained were grouped according to subject area and Research Center. A total of 747 presentations led to 94 publications, the Publ./Pres. Ratio being 1/8 (12.5

). The ratio for each research center was the following: Univ. Buenos Aires 1/7; Natl. Univ. La Plata 1/8; Natl. Univ. Córdoba 1/15. The research groups with the highest publication ratios were Dent. Mat., Natl. Univ. La Plata 1/3; Clinical Pathol., Univ. Bs. As. 1/4; Oral Pathol., Univ. Bs. As. 1/4; Physiol. and Pharmacol., Univ. Bs. As. 1/4; Natl. Univ. Córdoba 1/7. The majority of the publications within 2 years of presentation were in English (69

). These results suggest that an acceptable number of presentations are published, particularly in the area of basic research. We should hope for an increase in the publication/presentation ratio in the future, particularly in the area of applied clinical research since publication would imply technical-scientific quality evaluation of the work by the experts who condition publication.

Oral pathology in children. Frequency, distribution and clinical significance

A statistical study of 1289 biopsies of children 0-15 years old, received at the Pathology Department, Dental Faculty, Buenos Aires University is presented. This number, represents 6.8

of the 18,966 biopsies received from 1960 to 1985. The histologic diagnosis were grouped into the following categories: 1) cysts, 2) tumour-like lesions, 3) inflammatory lesions, 4) neoplasms, 5) neck and head non-oral lesions, 6) dental anomalies and pulp diseases, 7) unclassified diagnosis. Cysts were the most frequent lesion (25.4

were localized in the jaws and 25

) were less frequent than the soft tissue tumour-like lesions (79.9

). Inflammatory lesions and neoplasms in children, account for 15.7

of the lesions respectively. Eighty four percent of the neoplasms were benign and 16

of all the neoplasms studied. These results indicate the need to be constantly aware of the possible presence of these clinical and radiographic lesions to allow for early diagnosis and adequate treatment.

Frecuencia y distribución de las lesiones orales en pacientes de la tercera edad / [Frequency and distribution of oral lesions in elderly patients]

In this study the relative frequency of oral lesions was evaluated in a group of 526 patients, 55 years old or elder. Clinical and pathological data were obtained from 244 patients who attended to a clinic of Medical and Social Assistance Program (PAMI) ad from 282 cases registered in the files of the Surgical Pathology Laboratory F.O.U.B.A. (LAP) since 1984 to 1986. The mean age of the groups was 63 years old. The most frequency lesions were the pseudotumors (44.6

) in LAP and (17.2

) in PAMI; premalignant lesions were (20.5

) in LAP, while in PAMI (2.4

). The cysts in LAP found (15.6

) in PAMI were (2.4

). The groups of PAMI showed (90

) of Candidiasis. Traumatic ulcer (30.7

) and afthae (28.8

) the traumatic ulcer. The malignant tumors the most frequency was carcinoma espinocelular (8.16

) LAP and (6.56

) PAMI. It was remarkable that stomatodine as represented in PAMI (72.2

) and Candidiasis were (90

of the specific inflammations. Results suggest that oral mobility in elderly patients correlates with the findings in this type of social assisted groups. The figures of the importance of methodical collaboration of Stomatologists and Oral Pathologists for differential diagnosis.

Manifestaciones bucales en el SIDA o en la infeccion por VIH / [Oral manifestations in AIDS or HIV infection. Bibliographic update]

AIDS is a systemic infection that in many steps of its evolution presents various oral lesions and clinical conditions. This fact raises a problem for the dentist who are working on heterogeneous populations of healthy and infected people as well as on AIDS patients: to receive a continuous update about the disease. Apart from the risks of exposure inherent to his personal relation with HIV-infected or AIDS patients, the dentist is one of the health careworkers who must and ought recognize the oral signs of the disease when they appear in the mouth. For this reason this paper describes recent data on oral findings in AIDS: fungal, viral and bacterial infections, neoplasms and other manifestations of unknown or rare etiology. The most precocious clinical or pathological characteristics of these oral diseases suggesting HIV-infection or its results, are also stressed when described. Some doubts are possessed here about the meaning of outstanding oral AIDS lesions as [quot ]hairy leukoplakia[quot ]. On the other way diagnostic methods which can help to recognize this lesion are also commented.

Histomorfometria de quistes dentigeros en ninos, asociados o no con formocresol / [Histomorphometry of dentigerous cysts in children, associated or not with formocresol]

Literature reports appeared in the last years suggested that some type of dentigerous cyst (DC) in children would initiate by teh action of other factors than developmental and at different stages of dental sac growth. Periodontitis and pulp therapy with formocresol (FC) have been suggested as aeteological factors, both promoting DC in children by irritation of the underlaying dental sacs of premolar. The purpose of this study is to analyse the pathological changes in DC of patients aged 0 to 15 years, and to compare the findings according to the anatomical site of DC and the existence of previous FC therapy. Morphological changes observed in the epithelium and the connective wall did not show clear differences between both groups of DC. The histometric measurements of epithelial changes did not show significant statistical differences of various parameters in the DC walls. These facts would not support the hypotesis of DC initiation from FC effects.