Responses of Medical Students to Using Smartphone Video at Clinical Performance Examination / 의료커뮤니케이션

BACKGROUND: There are practical difficulties to show exact clinical symptoms such as seizure to medical students at Clinical Performance Examination (CPX). We developed a new CPX case of child's seizure on video using smartphone.METHODS: A total of 356 4th-year students of five universities in Daegue-Gyeongbuk and Gyeongnam area took the clinical skill examination from June 13th to 17th in 2016. Among them, 72 students took the new CPX case in June 15th and 71 students filled out the questionnaire on whether the new CPX with smartphone video is helpful, authentic, difficult, and necessary for other CPX. All the questions were measured on 5-Likert scale.RESULTS: Mean score of the new CPX was 57.1, lower than the mean scores of the other 11 CPX cases, 62.8. For the question “Smartphone videos helped to solve the problem”, 45 students (63.4%) answered ‘Very much’. For the question “Is it realistic compared to other questions?” 30 students (42.3%) and 25 students (35.2%) answered ‘Very much’ and ‘Much’. For the question “Is it difficult compared with other questions?” 18 students (25.4%) and 26 students (36.6%) answered ‘Very much’ and ‘Much’. As for the question “I would like to have more tests using smartphone video”, 26 students (36.6%) answered ‘So and so’.CONCLUSION: A majority of students responded that video presentation was helpful and authentic to figure out the CPX, whereas they assessed smartphone video was more difficult compared with other CPXs. Further, students were negative toward using smartphone video for the other CPXs.

Associations between smartphone addiction scale and sociopsychological aspects in medical school students / 영남의대학술지

BACKGROUND: Smartphone addiction, academic stress and anxiety of university students are increasing gradually; however, few studies have investigated these factors in medical school students. Therefore, this study investigated associations between smartphone addiction scale and sociopsychological aspects in medical school students. METHODS: A total of 231 Yeungnam University College of Medicine students were enrolled in this study in March 2017. Gender, school grade, type of residence, and smartphone usage patterns of the students were surveyed. The Korean Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale and each Korean version scale were used to assess sociopsychological aspects such as loneliness, stress and anxiety. RESULTS: There was a direct statistical correlation between loneliness, stress of negative perception, anxiety and smartphone addiction scales. There was also a negative statistical correlation between stress of positive perception and smartphone addiction scales. There was a higher level of anxiety among female students than male students. Additionally, there was a higher level of stress associated with negative perception and anxiety among medical students in the first grade than other students. Moreover there was a higher level of loneliness, stress of negative perception and anxiety among students who live with friends than students who live with their own family. CONCLUSION: Smartphone addiction scale and sociopsychological aspects significantly correlated. Moreover, the results suggest that female medical students in the first grade who have been separated from their family need more attention and management of loneliness, stress and anxiety to avoid smartphone addiction.

Student selection factors of admission and academic performance in one medical school / 영남의대학술지

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to examine the academic achievements of first year medical students in one medical school based on their characteristics and student selection factors of admission. METHODS: The admission scores of student selection factors (Medical Education Eligibility Test [MEET], grade point average [GPA], English test score and interview) and demographic information were obtained from 61 students who had interviewed (multiple mini interview [MMI]) for admission (38 graduate medical school students in 2014, 23 medical college-transfer students in 2015). T-tests and ANOVA were used to examine the differences in academic achievement according to the student characteristics. Correlations between admission criteria scores and academic achievements were examined. RESULTS: MEET score was higher among graduate medical students than medical college transfer students among student selection factors for admission. There were no significant differences in academic achievement of first grade medical school between age, gender, region of high school, years after graduation and school system. The lowest interview score group showed significantly lower achievement in problem-based learning (PBL) (p=0.034). Undergraduate GPA score was positively correlated with first grade total score (r=0.446, p=0.001) among admission scores of student selection factors. CONCLUSION: Students with higher GPA scores tend to do better academically in their first year of medical school. In case of interview, academic achievement did not lead to differences except for PBL.

Associations between smartphone addiction scale and sociopsychological aspects in medical school students / 영남의대학술지

BACKGROUND: Smartphone addiction, academic stress and anxiety of university students are increasing gradually; however, few studies have investigated these factors in medical school students. Therefore, this study investigated associations between smartphone addiction scale and sociopsychological aspects in medical school students.METHODS: A total of 231 Yeungnam University College of Medicine students were enrolled in this study in March 2017. Gender, school grade, type of residence, and smartphone usage patterns of the students were surveyed. The Korean Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale and each Korean version scale were used to assess sociopsychological aspects such as loneliness, stress and anxiety.RESULTS: There was a direct statistical correlation between loneliness, stress of negative perception, anxiety and smartphone addiction scales. There was also a negative statistical correlation between stress of positive perception and smartphone addiction scales. There was a higher level of anxiety among female students than male students. Additionally, there was a higher level of stress associated with negative perception and anxiety among medical students in the first grade than other students. Moreover there was a higher level of loneliness, stress of negative perception and anxiety among students who live with friends than students who live with their own family.CONCLUSION: Smartphone addiction scale and sociopsychological aspects significantly correlated. Moreover, the results suggest that female medical students in the first grade who have been separated from their family need more attention and management of loneliness, stress and anxiety to avoid smartphone addiction.

Student selection factors of admission and academic performance in one medical school / 영남의대학술지

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to examine the academic achievements of first year medical students in one medical school based on their characteristics and student selection factors of admission.METHODS: The admission scores of student selection factors (Medical Education Eligibility Test [MEET], grade point average [GPA], English test score and interview) and demographic information were obtained from 61 students who had interviewed (multiple mini interview [MMI]) for admission (38 graduate medical school students in 2014, 23 medical college-transfer students in 2015). T-tests and ANOVA were used to examine the differences in academic achievement according to the student characteristics. Correlations between admission criteria scores and academic achievements were examined.RESULTS: MEET score was higher among graduate medical students than medical college transfer students among student selection factors for admission. There were no significant differences in academic achievement of first grade medical school between age, gender, region of high school, years after graduation and school system. The lowest interview score group showed significantly lower achievement in problem-based learning (PBL) (p=0.034). Undergraduate GPA score was positively correlated with first grade total score (r=0.446, p=0.001) among admission scores of student selection factors.CONCLUSION: Students with higher GPA scores tend to do better academically in their first year of medical school. In case of interview, academic achievement did not lead to differences except for PBL.

Development of guide to clinical performance and basic clinical skills for medical students / 한국의학교육

The aim of this report was to discuss the development and content of a guide on clinical performance and basic clinical skills for medical students. We published the first edition of this guide in 2010 and will publish the second edition in 2016. Initially, we took a survey on important clinical presentations and fundamental clinical and technical skills in 41 medical schools in Korea. Ultimately, we chose 80 core clinical presentations and 56 clinical skills. In the guide to basic clinical skills, we described the physical examination and technical skills according to the preprocedural preparation, procedure, and postprocedural process. In the guide on clinical performance, we reviewed patient encounters-from history taking and the physical examination to patient education. We included communication skills, principles of patient safety, and clinical reasoning schemes into the guides. In total, 43 academic faculty members helped develop the basic clinical skills guide, 75 participated in establishing the clinical performance guide, and 16 advisors from 14 medical specialty societies contributed to the guide. These guides can help medical students approach patients holistically and safely.

The Association between Esophagogastroduodenoscopic Findings and the Related Risk Factors of Obesity / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: The reports that obesity could be associated with upper gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, reflux esophagitis have not been consistent. Therefore, we studied the association between esophagogastroduodenoscopic (EGD) findings and the related risk factors of obesity. METHODS: The study subjects include 2,210 adults who visited the Health Promotion Center of one university hospital from January 2006 to December 2006. All subjects had standard physical measurements as well as resting blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum lipids, and gastroendoscopic examination. BMI was classified into two groups (BMI > or = 23 kg/m2, normal; BMI < 23 kg/m2, overweight or obese). The study subjects were classified into four groups according to the EGD findings; normal, gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcer, reflux esophagitis. RESULTS: Mean BMI of gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcer, and reflux esophagitis groups were higher than normal group after adjusting age, sex, alcohol and smoking (P < 0.001). Gastritis risk (OR, 2.098; 95% CI, 1.195 to 3.682; P = 0.01), gastric or duodenal ulcer risk (OR, 2.562; 95% CI, 1.282 to 5.117; P = 0.008), and reflux esophagitis risk (OR, 2.856; 95% CI, 1.522 to 5.360; P = 0.001) were significantly higher in overweight and obesity group compare with normal weight group after adjusting age, sex, alcohol and smoking. CONCLUSION: We suggest that overweight or obesity is the risk factor of gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcer, and reflux esophagitis.

The Association between Esophagogastroduodenoscopic Findings and the Related Risk Factors of Obesity / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: The reports that obesity could be associated with upper gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, reflux esophagitis have not been consistent. Therefore, we studied the association between esophagogastroduodenoscopic (EGD) findings and the related risk factors of obesity. METHODS: The study subjects include 2,210 adults who visited the Health Promotion Center of one university hospital from January 2006 to December 2006. All subjects had standard physical measurements as well as resting blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum lipids, and gastroendoscopic examination. BMI was classified into two groups (BMI > or = 23 kg/m2, normal; BMI < 23 kg/m2, overweight or obese). The study subjects were classified into four groups according to the EGD findings; normal, gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcer, reflux esophagitis. RESULTS: Mean BMI of gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcer, and reflux esophagitis groups were higher than normal group after adjusting age, sex, alcohol and smoking (P < 0.001). Gastritis risk (OR, 2.098; 95% CI, 1.195 to 3.682; P = 0.01), gastric or duodenal ulcer risk (OR, 2.562; 95% CI, 1.282 to 5.117; P = 0.008), and reflux esophagitis risk (OR, 2.856; 95% CI, 1.522 to 5.360; P = 0.001) were significantly higher in overweight and obesity group compare with normal weight group after adjusting age, sex, alcohol and smoking. CONCLUSION: We suggest that overweight or obesity is the risk factor of gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcer, and reflux esophagitis.

Correlation between Endoscopic Severity of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Indexes of Obesity / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: There are many reports that obesity could be associated with gastoesophageal reflux disease (GERD) but the outcomes are controversial and the studies on correlation between endoscopic severity of GERD and obesity are rare. Therefore, we investigated the association between endoscopic severity of GERD and indexes of obesity. METHODS: Among the subjects who visited a health promotion center of a general hospital from January 2007 to March 2008, a total of 527 subjects with typical symptoms of GERD who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and analysis of body composition were enrolled. The endoscopic severity of GERD was classified depending on LA grading classification system. RESULTS: Among 527 subjects, 125 subjects were classified with Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) while 254, 105, and 43 subjects were classified as LA grade A, B, and C group, respectively. Men and frequent alcohol drinkers (> or = 5 times/week) were likely to be in higher endoscopic severity group (OR, 2.065 and 2.394, respectively; P or = 5 times/week).

Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Gallbladder Stone / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing in Korea. The aim of this study was to establish if there is an association between the presence of metabolic syndrome and the development of gallbladder stones in Koreans. METHODS: Among the subjects who visited a health promotion center of a general hospital from January 2001 to December 2005, a total of 34,574 adults was examined. Among them, the final 34,470 adults (males 20,277, females 14,193) were included. Metabolic syndrome was defined if they fell under the three conditions of BMI > or = 25 kg/m2, blood pressure > or = 130/85 mmHg, fasting glucose 110 mg/dL, triglyceride > or = 150 mmHg and low HDL-cholesterol (< 40 mg/dL in men, < 50 mg/dL in women). After adjusting for age and sex, logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and gallstones. RESULTS: This study showed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 17.6% (males 21.1%, females 12.4%). Gallbladder stone risk was increased according to BMI, high blood pressure, high fasting blood glucose and low HDL. Gallbladder stone risk was increased according to clustering of components of metabolic syndrome after adjustment for age and sex (1 criterion: OR = 1.42, 95% CI, 1.20-1.69, P = 0.000; 2 criterion: OR = 1.86, 95% CI, 1.57-2.21, P = 0.000; 3 criterion: OR = 2.02, 95% CI, 1.66-2.45, P = 0.000; 4 criterion: OR = 2.17, 95% CI, 1.66-2.85, P = 0.000; 5 criterion: OR = 2.17, 95% CI, 1.17-4.02, P < 0.014). CONCLUSION: Gallbladder stone risk was increased according to BMI, and increased with people who had combination of more metabolic syndrome components.

Correlations of C-reactive Protein Levels with Obesity Index and Metabolic Risk Factors in Healthy Adults

BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the increasing plasma proteins in inflammatory diseases and tissue necrosis and recent evidence show that increased elevated levels of CRP are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and obesity. To investigate the relationship of obesity and CRP, we evaluated the correlation of CRP with obesity index in healthy adults. METHODS: The subjects included 1,926 healthy adults (1,168 men and 758 women) who visited the Health Promotion Center of a general hospital from May to December 2004. We excluded subjects who had inflammatory diseases, and investigated based on age, physical examination, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, serum lipid profile, percentage of body fat, and body mass index (BMI). CRP was analyzed by method of Turbid Immuno Assay (TIA) which has high sensitivity-CRP. We evaluated serum level of CRP in relation to %body fat, BMI, and clustering of metabolic risk factors. RESULTS: Comparing the median CRP with the percentage of body fat, BMI, clustering of metabolic risk factors the value of CRP significantly increased according to increase in %body fat BMI and metabolic risk fakfor (P or =0.22 mg/dL) was increased as %body fat, BMI, and clustering of metabolic risk factor increased. The Odds Ratios for elevated levels of CRP were 1.5 (95% CI 1.0~2.1) in men and 2.9 (95% CI 1.7~4.8) in women for subjects with obesity (BMI> or =25 kg/m2), 2.0 (95% CI 1.3~2.9) in men with more than 25% %body fat, and 2.5 (95% CI 1.4~4.1) in women with more than 30% %body fat. CONCLUSION: As %body fat increased, the proportion of elevated CRP (> or =0.22 mg/dL) level increased in men and women. We conclude that obesity is related with CRP.