ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vitro anticancer effect of Aloe vera (A. vera) and Calligonum comosum (C. comosum) extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. METHODS: HepG2 cells were tested against different doses of A. vera and C. comosum. Viability of the cells was assessed by MTT assay. Evaluation of apoptosis and DNA damage in HepG2 cells were performed using annexin V apoptosis detection kit. The expression of p53 and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) were tested by real time-PCR and flow cytometer analyser. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections from untreated and treated HepG2 cells were observed using light microscopy. RESULTS: The IC
ABSTRACT
Phospholipid composition and metabolism were studied in the tropical crustacean [Metapenaeus istebbingi Nobili] muscle. Muscle tissue is rich in diphosphatidylglycerol [DPG] and abundant in monounsaturated fatty acids [oleic acid, 18: 1 n-9] and the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentenoic [20: 5 n-3] and docosahexaenoic acid [22: 6 n-3] in both brackish-water [15.6 mg/L] and seawater [37.8 mg/L]. The level of phosphatides existed between tissues of shrimp from diluted media and concentrated media was significantly different. The muscle tissue of Metapenaeus istebbingi Nobili in seawater contains much more unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine [PE]. The accumulation of 18: 1/22: 6, dipolyunsaturated fatty acids [20: 5/20: 5 and 20: 5/22: 6] and introduction of cis delta 9 double bond [18: 1 n-9] into sn-1 position in combination of the phospholipid molecule of seawater animals rendered this species more fluid membrane than another ones. Also, in phosphatidylcholine [PC] and phosphatidylethanolamine [PE], the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the linolenic type were preferentially located in the beta-position [sn-2]. Lipids of seawater crustaceans appear more fluid than brackish-water crustaceans as indicated by the degree of index of unsaturation fatty acids. Lipid changes may indicate the existence of functional differences among crustaceans with respect to their ability to allosteric transition
Subject(s)
Animals , Fatty Acids/analysis , Phospholipids/analysis , Phospholipids/metabolismABSTRACT
The antioxidant effect of dl-alpha-tochopherol acetate [vitamin E], ascorbic acid [Vitamin C] and reduced glutathione [GSH] were studied in-vivo and in vitro peroxidizing system of fish hepatic microsomes. Lipid peroxidation [LP] measured as malondialdehyde [MDA] compound, was not significant altered and inhibited until the concentrations of these antioxidant reached a critical level which depend on the effectiveness of the oxidative stress. Combination between these antioxidants [dl-alpha-tochopherol and GSH] or [dl-alpha-tochopherol and ascorbic acid] are elicit a marked and ascorbic acid] are elicit a marked and progressive reduction to lipid peroxidation. The rational of the cooperation was discussed on the basis of the hydroperoxyl radical scavenging capacity of vitamin E and the reduction of membrane hydroperoxide by glutathione and ascorbic acid. The inhibition of LP by dl-alpha-tochopherol acetate and glutathione was found concomitantly with a decrease in the concentration of its reduced form and a corresponding increase in oxidized tochopherol and glutathione disulfide levels. The study also investigated the relationship between LP and some enzyme inactivation in fish hepatic microsomes. In microsomes incubated with iron as [ferric chloride], glucose-6-phosphatase [G6P-ase] and cytochrome P-450 [Cyt. P-450] levels were decreased rapidly and concurrently with increased level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. Microsomal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate cytochrome-c reductase [Cyt-cRas] little affected during incubation period. Addition of antioxidant partially protected against inactivation of G6P'ase and Cyt P-450, as well as LP induced by ferric chloride