[Comparative study of the effect of music distraction and Emla cream on pain of the children during intravenous cannulation]

The pain of the intravenous cannulation is considered as the major limitation in pediatric clinical care. Reducing the pain of intravenous cannulation has been the motive for many investigations. In the present study, the effect of two methods for reducing the pain of intravenous cannulation in children was compared. Ninety children between 6-12 years old who admitted in the pediatric ward were selected a randomly allocated to either Emla cream group, music distraction group or control group in equal numbers. The pains of the children were assessed by Wong pain face scale and also, general behaviors of the samples were evaluated by the researcher. Mean pain score in the Emla cream group was significantly lesser than the music and the control groups [1.36 against 3.5 and 3.56, respectively; P<0.001], but, there was no statistically significant difference between the control and music distraction groups. Sex, age and other variables had no effect on pain sensation during cannulation. In Emla cream group, the mean pain score were significantly lower in older children [over 10 years]. This study showed that Emla cream can significantly reduce the pain of intravenous cannulation in children, especially in older ones. The researchers recommend the use of Emla cream one hour before intravenous cannulation in children

[ impact of the time elapsed between cardio-pulmonary resuscitation code announcement and start of resuscitation on outcome]

Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation [CPR[has been used by medical professionals to save the life of dying patients. To achieve more success rates in CPR, the timing factor is of great importance; as any delay in starting CPR will reduce the success rate. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the time elapsed between CPR code announcement and start of resuscitation on CPR outcome. In this cross-sectional study, data was collected from June 2004 till June 2005 using checklists that were routinely used in CPR protocol. A total number of 327 cases of CPR were studied and the data was analyzed by SPSS software. Our results showed that 163 cases of CPR [49.9%] were immediately successful. Of those cases with immediate successful CPR, only 46 cases [28.2%] discharged from hospital and 117 cases [71.8%] died afterwards. In the other words, only 46 cases [14.06%] out of 327 patients who underwent CPR, discharged from hospital and the rest [85.94%] died. The mean time elapsed between CPR code announcement and the start of CPR operations was 1.63 minute and 1.87 minute in immediate successful and unsuccessful CPRs, respectively. This difference is statistically significant [P