Comparison of scalp hair changes on the first and fifth day of normal menstrual cycle in young females

Objectives: To compare scalp hair changes on the first and fifth day of normal menstrual cycle in young females

Study Design: A Cross sectional study

Place and Duration: Islamic International Medical College over duration of nine months from 1[st] Jan 2013 -30[th] September 2013

Methodology: First and second year female medical students were involved in study. The first year 100 students were included in group A and100 second year students were included in group B. Only females with regular cycles were included in study i.e. 5/30. In the group A the associated changes in hair were also noticed on the 5[th] day of the cycle and a pull test was performed on the same day. In the group B the associated changes in hair were noticed on the first day of the cycle and a pull test was performed on the same day. Percentages were calculated for different parameters

Results: Pull test was negative in 76% of the group A students. The hair were rough in 85% of students and 54% had splits in hair.10% of students felt that hair were discolored and 60% of student noticed thinning of hair. In group B Pull test was negative in 86% of the students and the hair were rough in 45% of students.50% had splits in hair, 5% of students felt that hair were discolored and 40% of student noticed thinning of hair

Conclusion: The scalp hair show changes in color and texture on the first as well as fifth day of the menstrual cycle

Effects of aspirin intake on histology of breast in rabbits

Objective: To determine histological changes in my epithelial cells and ducts in breast tissue after oral administration of Aspirin

Study Design: Experimental Study

Place and Duration: The study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi, during 1st August 2011- 31st October 2011

Methodology: Twenty adult male rabbits were obtained from national institute of health. Ten rabbits were included in experimental group and 10 were used as their controls. The experimental group was given 500 mg Aspirin / 10 ml of water/day for 30 days through infant feeding tube. Day 0 was taken as day of stat of experiment. After 30 days rabbits were sacrificed and breast tissue was taken

Results: The number of myoepithelial cells was significantly more as compared to control group. The interlobular connective tissue around the ducts and alveoli was loosely arranged and cellular, whereas that surrounding the larger ducts and lobes [interlobular connective tissue] was variably dense and contained much adipose tissue

Conclusion: Aspirin influences normal histology of breast and myoepithelial cells respond to oral intake of aspirin

Available choices for studying anatomy and factors affecting uniform learning in dissection

Objective: To compare the use of available choices for studying anatomy and factors affecting uniform learning in dissection

Study design: An observational study

Place and duration: Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi. The study was conducted during 1[st] March 2011-31[st] March 2012

Methodology: Questionnaires were completed by one of the authors. 90 students from first year MBBS of medical college 2011 were included in the study. They were labeled as group 1 and 2 respectively. Each group comprised 45 students

Results: When group - II was compared with group - I; 28 students of group - II were involved in dissection as compared to group1 in which 32 students performed dissection. 10 students of group - II were interested in prosecuted materials and 03 spent their time in studying models. There was no statistically significant difference among the two groups. Individual variability in dissection activity was very high: time devoted to active dissection ranged from 0% to 82% of daily course time within the same group. Only one teacher and one body were available for dissection. The teachers of group - I were more involved in learning of students as compared to group - II

Conclusion: The available choices for studying anatomy are dissection, prosection and models. The attitude of teachers as well as students is important in order to produce a uniform learning in dissection

Factors affecting competencies of local medical students using english for effective learning

Objectives: This study was done to access the factors affecting the competencies of local medical students regarding use of English in medical colleges

Study Design: Descriptive study

Place And Duration: Islamic International medical college .Attheend of foundation module February 2012

Methodology: Questionnaire was distributed in students of first year after first module. They were asked to answer the questions given in questionnaire

Results: Parents of 20% of students are doctors .20% of students had done A-levels or O-levels.80% of students have done F.S.C. No formal exam is taken for local students before admission in medical college. 6% of students passed IELTS for going to abroad. 65% are unaware of importance of English in Medical field

Conclusion: Steps should be taken to assess as well as improve competency of local students in English

Classification of suprascapular notch according to anatomical measurements in human scapulae

The objective of this study was to measure the maximum superior and inferior lengths of the suprascapular notch with the help of a Vernier caliper and to classify the notches accordingly into four types. This is an observational study, conducted from January to December 2009 at Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi. Two hundred and fifty dried human scapulae were procured and measured irrespective of age, gender, race and sidedness. The maximum superior length as compared to inferior length was the highest i.e. 68% [type -III]; percentage of notches with equal superior and inferior length was 14% [type-II] absence of notch was noted in 10% of scapulae [type-1] and notches with greater maximum superior length as compared to interior length was 8% [type-IV]. Suprascapular nerve entrapment may be associated with a specific type of suprascapular notch

Suprapatella in rats; effects of immobilization on fibrocartilage of suprapatella

Researches have focused their attention on articular cartilage of various bones but neglected suprapatella so this study was designed to study the histological changes in fibrocartilage of suprapatella in rats while studying immobilization. 20 male Sprague Dawley rats were procured from animal house NIH Islamabad. Experimental. The study was carried out at the animal house College of Physician and Surgeons Islamabad. The duration of study was 6 weeks from 01-06-2009 to 05-07-2009. A total of 20 male Sprague Dawley rats 3 months old were used. They were divided into two groups. Each group contained 10 animals. Group 1 consisted of control animals that were not immobilized. Group 2 were immobilized for four weeks. The right hind limbs of rats were immobilized with plaster of Paris cast. Care was taken to cover the knee joint completely. At the end of experimental period the rats were anaesthetizetd with chloroform. The skin over knee joint was dissected and the joint along with supra patella was exposed. The knee joint was cut in sagittal plane. It was stored in 10% formalin for 48 hours. Specimen was decalcified using Ethylene diamine tetra acid [EDTA]. After processing for making paraffin blocks 10 microm and 7 microm sections were cut from the same block and stained as given below. Mallory Trichrome stain was used for 10 microm thick sections to demonstrate collagen content. H and E stain was used for 7 microm thick sections to study routine histology of supra patellar articular cartilage. On four weeks immobilization small necrotic areas were observed in the suprapatella and splits were also observed. It is therefore concluded that suprapatella can be as prominent as the patella itself. It shows necrotic changes on immobilization and is present in a number of animals that are highly significant in orthopedic research

Impact of dissection; under and post graduate study in medical colleges

Teaching of anatomy is based on cadaver dissection. Islamic values regarding permission of dead body use for learning purpose and recent introduction of problem based learning has led to false belief that dissection is of no more help in understanding anatomy. To access the views of post and under graduate students whether dissection sessions done at undergraduate level have helped them in better understanding anatomy. Questionnaires were distributed among 60 postgraduate medical students and 60 undergraduate students. The questionnaire comprised questions relating to experience of dissection for postgraduate students who have done dissection during their undergraduate classes. There was a statistically significant% of students who found dissection beneficial for post graduation. Dissection should be a part of study in medical schools

Histological features of ligamentum venosum at different ages

To study the histological features of ligamentum venosum at different ages. An observational study. The study was conducted in Anatomy department at Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi from June 2008 to June 2009. The study was based on 6 post- mortem specimens. The livers were dissected from cadavers at ages 5, 35, and 65 years. The ligamentum venosum was dissected and fixed in 10% formalin solution for 24 hours. After fixation and processing, the slides were stained with haematoxylin and Eosin stain. At the age of five years the lumen was completely obliterated towards the portal extremity whereas it was patent near the caval extremity. At the age of 35 years the lumen was patent; the ligamentum venosum had got an intima without an endothelium. At the age of 65 years the lumen was patent; the ligamentum venosum had gotanintima without an end othe lium. The study concludes that ligamentum venosum shows different histological features at different ages. The presence of internal elastic lamina at the age of sixty five years is a unique feature of this study