Headache of 1st day of Ramadan

To evaluate headache in fasting state on first day of Ramadan in general population with respect to its character, relation with duration of fasting and effect of abstinence of caffeine and nicotine. Descriptive study Department of Medicine, Unit 6, Liyari General Hospital, Karachi, during the month of Ramadan. In this study, 180 people were taken, 57 of them were males and 123 were females. Age range in our study is 20-60 years. All people were interviewed in detail. Printed Performa was filled in inquiring about sehri, previous history of headache due to tension headache, migraine, pre-menstrual headache, history of smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and psychiatric illnesses .They were also questioned about drug history. The male population consisted of 57 men. 8 out of 57 men had previous history of headache, 11 were smoker, 12 were diabetic, virtually all were on oral hypoglycemic agents, 6 were hypertensive while 21 had no history of any systemic illness. In female population out of 123 women, 50 had previous history of headache, there was no smoker, 2 were diabetic, and 10 were hypertensive while 60 had no history of any systemic illnesses. In general, this study has shown that 23.8% of the population complained of headache in the fasting state, the number of the headaches nearly doubled in afternoon. In female population 34/123 [27.6%] women complained of headache in the fasting state, 16 [32%] had previous history of headache. While in male population 9/57 [15.78%] complained of headache out of which 4[36.3%] were smoker and 3[37.5%] has pervious history of headache on the first day of Ramadan. One quarter of patients complained of headache in the fasting state, fasting is strong headache precipitator more so in chronic headache sufferers, frequency increases with the duration of fasting. Caffeine and nicotine withdrawal is also headache precipitator with some contributory role of relative lower glycemic values and dehydration

incidence of foreign bodies and its management in E.N.T. practice

To evaluate foreign body [F.B.] cases in the upper aerodigestive tract and to find out the outcome in their management, in children and adults. On going prospective study. This study was carried out in the department of ENT-Head and Neck Surgery, Lyari Gen. Hospital, Karachi for a period of one year from 1st August 2005 to 31st July, 2006 Patients who visited the Emergency Department or Department of ENT -Head and Neck Surgery, Lyari General Hospital, Karachi, from 1st August 2005 to 31st July, 2006 with a history of F.B. in ear, nose throat, esoghagus or bronchus. Out of 786 patients registered in the study, 652 [83%] were children [age 0-15 years], while 134 [17%] were adults [age above 15 years. The male to female ratio was 1.1:1 The commonest site of impaction of FB was ear in 45.67%, followed by nose. Among children, betel nut was the commonest FB found in 124 [15.77%], followed by rubber pieces in 89 [11.32%], plastic beads in 79 [10.09%], stones in 63 [8%] etc. Coin was found in 38 [4.83%] in the region of cricopharynx and upper oesophagus. The commonest FB among adults was the fish bone in 52 [6.61%], Betel nut is the commonest FB found in children in our region, in this study. 17% of all FB occur in adult age groups. The commonest FB found in adult Age group is fish bone found in 52 patients [6.61% of all FB] Rhinolith was the only FB found in adult noses