Effect of individualized stress management counselling versus self expression on the psychological status of student nurses

The educational process for nursing students is conducted in a highly stressful environment. Stress management can be crucial, as it is consider a coping strategy So, this study was conducted to compare the effect of stress management counselling and self expression on psychological status of student nurses. This study used pretest, posttest, and follow up test, design. Stress management and self-expression was implemented in twelve sessions, Each session included one hour. The sample comprised all nursing students referred to counselling clinic in two academic years. Data were analyzed using Mam-Whitney test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks. The results of the study showed both individualized stress management counselling and self-expression improve psychological status of student nurses, but multidimensional individualized stress management counselling was more effective. Also the results validate the short and long -term effectiveness of stress- management strategies taught in a crises intervention model. The skills and techniques used were effective increase self esteem decrease anxiety and depression

importance of pretesting a nutrition filmstrip about the use of non fat dry milk to specific audience in Saudi Arabia

The study described here serves to illustrate how a piece of informational material can be pretested to see if it meets some of the conditions necessary for effectiveness. The methods used present techniques selected as appropriate for evaluating this particular filmstrip in terms of its purpose of imparting information to a specific audience. In pretesting, it is essential that both the specific goals and intended audience be identified before selecting methods to be used. The fact that the filmstrip was still in rough draft during some of the pretesting made it possible to use the objective findings about barriers to understanding as a basis for improving the material. A subsequent study of the completed filmstrip indicated that it partially satisfied one of the conditions necessary for effectiveness in that it Succeeded in incrosing the level of information about nonfat dry milk in the audience for whom it was intended. The study provided evidence that filmstrip might have been further improved had the level of knowledge and nature of attitudes of the intended deuce a beicpaua studied before the script was prepared. These findings suggest that as far as possible materials should be tested while still in preliminary form to insure that all necessary conditions for effectiveness which can be identified are satisfied. The liklihood that such material will be successful in improving behavior is increased to extent that the various barriers to effectiveness are identified and removed