Utilization of spray drying technique for improvement of dissolution and anti-inflammatory effect of meloxicam

Meloxicam [MLX] is a poorly water-soluble non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAID]. The main objective of the present work was to enhance the dissolution of MLX and thus its bioavailability by the aid of additives. The novelty of this work rises from the utilization of spray drying technology to produce micro particulates solid dispersion systems containing MLX in the presence of small amount of additives. Differential scanning calorimetry [DSC], Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FT-IR], and Scan Electron Microscope [SEM] were used for studying the physico-chemical and morphological properties of MLX samples. The dissolution of MLX samples was investigated in two different pH media. The morphology of MLX solid dispersion micro-particles was spherical in shape according to SEM. FT-IR profiles indicated that a complex was formed between MLX and the additives. DSC patterns of the MLX micro-particles suggested a reduction in the crystallinity of MLX and probability of presence of an interaction between MLX and the additives. The rate of dissolution of the spray-dried MLX enhanced as compared with the unprocessed MLX in both acidic and neutral media. It was found that 100% of the added MLX released within 5 min in phosphate buffer dissolution medium [pH 7.4] compared to that of the unprocessed MLX [15% in 60 min]. Such increase rate in the dissolution of the spray dried MLX could be attributed to the increase in wettability of MLX particles and the hydrophilic nature of the additives. The anti-inflammatory effect of the spray dried MLX was explored using formalin induced rat paw edema model. The spray-dried samples showed an increase in the anti-inflammatory activity of MLX as compared to the unprocessed MLX. This work reveals that the spray drying technique is suitable for preparation of micro-particles with improved dissolution and anti-inflammatory effect of MLX

Honey bee is a potential antioxidant against cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity in albino male mice

The protective effects of honey bee [HB] and pollen grains against cyclophosphamide [CPM] -induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in mice were investigated. This was achieved through study the effects of CPM and HB on oxidative status, chromosomal aberrations and gene expression of the tumor necrosis factor-a [TNF-alpha], interleukin 6 [IL-6], interleukin-1 [IL1], interleukin 17A [IL-17A] and interferon-gamma [IFN-alpha] in mice. In addition, the levels of reduced glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde were determined. The results of this study revealed that CPM decrease in GSH level and increase in malondialdehyde [MDA] level in the liver and kidney tissues. Moreover, CPM induced sperm abnormality, chromosomal aberrations and down regulated the expression of the studied cytokine genes. HB treatment in association with CPM ameliorates GSH, MDA, chromosomal aberrations and regulated the expression of IL-1 ß, IL-17A, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-alpha. Thus, HB inhibits the cytotoxic and genotoxic risks associated with CPM treatment in mice