ABSTRACT
Background: Atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease is currently the leading cause of morbidity, mortality and cost burden in the medical community. New studies have found atherosclerosis to be predominantly an inflammatory reaction of vessel wall
Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1987, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: Atherosclerosis, thrombotic heart diseases, hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia, pathology of atherosclerosis, treatment of atherosclerosis
Aim: In this review, we evaluated the pathogenesis, risk factors and management of atherosclerosis
Conclusion: More studies must be done to offer better management, even though massive success was achieved in the past decades. Also healthy population must be encouraged to avoid risk factors that cause such pathologies
ABSTRACT
Background: BCG is a live attenuated vaccine. It has been used to prevent tuberculosis since 1921. BCG is widely used, it is estimated that 100 million newborns are receiving it yearly. It also has a low incidence of serious adverse reactions and considered safe. However, few severe complications have been reported despite its wide use. Adverse reactions of BCG vaccination included suppurative lymphadenitis, localized abscess or a combination of both. In addition to them there was disseminated BCG-itis, which is life threatening, but very rare
Aim of the work: this study reported a case of a five-month-old child with BCG-itis which presented to us
Patient and method: left axillary swelling was increased in size with bloody discharge and associated fever. Family history of IL12 deficiency was also noted
Results: diagnosis was made by AFB and PCR. The child responded well to anti-mycobacterial treatment. Because neonatal BCG vaccine is included in many standard vaccination schedules around the world, it is extremely difficult to avoid administering it to infants who might have PID
Conclusion: it is important to recognize BCG adverse reactions because they can be the first clue to diagnosing immunodeficiencies