Effects of exercises on pregnancy related low back pain: a quasi experimental study

Objective: To evaluate the effect of therapeutic exercises on pregnancy related low back pain in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi

Material and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with non-probability convenience sampling technique. Study was carried out at Liaquat National Hospital Karachi. Patients were divided into two groups [Experimental and Control]. Inclusion criteria were age <30 years, 2nd and 3rd trimester, stable medical status and those who gave the informed consent. Exclusion were pregnancy induced hypertension [>140/90mmHg], Cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, persistent vaginal bleeding, history of miscarriages, decreased foetal movement. Data was collected through assessment Modified Oswestry Low back pain disability questionnaire. SPSS version 23.0 was used to analyze the data

Results: A total of 30 samples were selected for the study. There were 15 respondents in experimental while 15 in control group. Disability levels were found to be significantly decreased after post treatment in experimental group with P-value= 0.002. It was seen that number of patients was increased from 1[6.7%] to 6[40%] in minimal disability group whereas crippled back pain group in pre-treatment group was totally shifted towards minimal or moderate pain 3[20.0%] and no case was seen in post-treatment

Conclusion: Low back pain in pregnancy can disturb daily life routine but exercise therapy and proper counselling will lead stress free life to female in gestation. After post treatment in experimental group showed decrease in pain as compare to control group who were not provided any exercise therapy. Working women in experimental group also showed decrease by crippled back pain to moderate pain after exercise. So in the end researcher suggest that physiotherapy exercises play a vital role in reducing Low Back Pelvic Pain [LBPP] during pregnancy

study on estimation of stature from foot length

Stature is considered as one of the important and significant parameters for establishment of personal identity in forensic medical examination or anthropological studies. With the alarming increase in frequency of road and train accidents, floods, fire, deliberate mutilation, disfigurement and natural disasters, there is a need of studies that provide help to identify the deceased from fragmentary and dismembered human remains. In such situations, measurements of feet provide a reasonably good estimation about the stature of a person. The paucity of data that allowing reconstruction of stature from the dimensions of feet which highlights the need of such study. 1]. To determine the relationship between foot length and stature by calculating correlation coefficient. 2- To establish a regression model for estimation of stature from foot length in both male and female. Cross sectional survey study was carried out on the MBBS students of above 20 years of age of King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Systematic sampling technique applied. Amongst the total students [873] of 3[rd] year, 4[th] year and final year, every third student was included. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology KEMU, Lahore. It was carried out in one year. The subject selection was based on following criteria: The MBBS students of King Edward Medical University, Lahore irrespective of sex with age above 20 years were included in this study. The subjects having diagnosed lower limb or foot deformities on clinical assessment were excluded. A significant and positive correlation was found between foot length and stature in male and female subjects and regression equation was framed for both sexes. The correlation coefficient was highest between stature and foot length in males and females. Dimensions of feet can provide good reliability in estimation of stature. The correlation coefficient was highest between stature and foot length of both in males and females

Number of rami of marginal mandibular nerve and its communication with other terminal motor branches of facial nerve in adult unclaimed cadavers - an anatomical study

Marginal mandibular nerve is one of the five terminal motor branches of facial nerve given in the substance of parotid gland. Injury to this nerve during surgical procedures hampers the actions of muscles of the lip and chin causing functional and aesthetic impairment. This study on number of rami and communication of marginal mandibular nerve will benefit maxillofacial, general, cosmetic /plastic surgeons to safely prevent iatrogenic injury to this important branch of facial nerve. Dissection of one hundred [100] hemi-faces of adult unclaimed cadavers of both genders was done [from September 2009 to March 2010] in Forensic and Anatomy departments of King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Cadavers with any scar or mutilated face/ neck were excluded from this study. In 100 hemi faces, number of rami of marginal mandibular nerve varies from 1-3. Single branch is most common [74%] followed by two [20%] and three rami [6%]. In 36% of cases communication was seen with buccal branch, 1% with cervical branch, with both buccal and cervical branches in 1% of cases. No communication with either buccal or cervical branch of facial nerve was seen in 62% of cases. Frequency of communication increases with number of Rami of marginal mandibular nerve. In our population single marginal mandibular nerve is most common [74%] which does not communicate with other branches of facial nerve frequently [74.3%]. Therefore transection of this nerve during surgical procedures can result in permanent paralysis

Pattern of suicide and its relationship to socio-economic factors/depresive illness in the city of lahore

To determine the pattern of suicide in urban Lahore and establish its relationship to socioeconomic factors and depressive illness. Design: Study of autopsy certificates, police inquest reports and psychological autopsy using structured interview proforma. Relatives were traced through police records. Setting:Department of Forensic Medicine, King Edward Medical College, Lahore. Subjects :Ninety six suicide cases brought by police from different parts of Lahore for autopsy between October 1993 and September 1995. Main outcome measures: Medicolegal and psychological autopsy. The pattern of suicide was drastically different from the Western studies. Hanging and firearm were the most common means used. Most victims were married. High-risk age group was 20-30 years. Common causes Found were financial and domestic reasons [65%], single or specific disappointment [20%] and acute depressive illness [15%]. The study calls for the early recognition of high-risk individuals and their treatment to save precious lives

Tuberculosis - present and future. review article

Eight million new cases of tuberculosis occur every year with three million deaths. In developed countries tuberculosis disease has declined rapidly due to better socio-economic conditions, efficient case finding and adequate chemotherapy. Developing countries have lacked behind in the absence of these factors, besides the emergence of drug resistance problem. Efficient medication is available and such drugs when administered in recommended regimens in a country-wide TB Control programme, have promising results. Non-availability of necessary diagnostic facilities has complicated the Tuberculosis control. New techniques and procedures in tuberculosis diagnosis as well as new approaches to chemotherapy and treatment are being studied. However, in the absence of effective delivery of health care and knowledge the goal of worldwide tuberculosis control appears less likely in the foreseeable future