ABSTRACT
Background: Growth retardation is a common finding in cystic fibrosis [CF] patients. Recombinant human growth hormone [rhGH] has shown promising results in improving weight, height and clinical status of CF patients. In this study we aim to evaluate efficacy of rhGH on physical growth, clinical status and pulmonary function in CF patients
Methods: In this prospective clinical trial we recruited 34 CF patients with mean age of 62.05 31.11 month. Patients were followed for 6 months and then were treated with rhGH 0.35 mg/kg/week for the next six month. Measurements included height, weight, growth velocity, pulmonary function, hospitalizations, outpatient antibiotic use and Insulin-like growth factor-1 [IgF1] before and after rhGH therapy
Results: Growth velocity, Insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, hospitalization and antibiotic therapy were significantly improved after rhGH treatment. Pulmonary function evaluations including forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expiratory volume [FEV1] showed no significant difference, before and after rhGH therapy
Conclusions: These results show significant effects of rhGH treatment on growth and clinical status of CF patients, but didn't positive effect on Pulmonary function
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis [MDR-TB] has been lead to complexity in succesfull treatment of Tuberculosis [TB]. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of first and second line drug resistance on pulmonary TB pateints and study their demografic and clinical links
Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study in 2011-2012, 105 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis [M.TB] pateints were collected randomly from east azerbayjan province of Iran. After full clinical history and physical evaluation, standard proportion method was performed for detection of drug resistance in M.TB patients
Results: Frequency distribution of the M.TB in various parts of the city was significantly different. The total prevalence of resistance to any drug was 8.57% [6.1% in new cases and 33.3% in previously treated cases]. Two [1.9%] patients were MDR-TB and a case was Extensively Drug-Resistant [XDR]. In the multiple logistic regrassion analysis, odds of resistance to one or more TB drug was significantly more in retreatment group than newly diagnosed group [OR=7.7]. Frequency of resistance to Streptomycin [5.7%] was the highest and resistance to Etambutol was the lowest [0.95%]. Sputum [88.3%] and coughing [86.4%] were the most common symptoms
Conclusion: Monitoring of drug resistance status by rapid teqnniques is necessary and crucial on patients with previous history of TB. Unexpected distribution of the disease in different parts of the city indicates the need for otherstudies
ABSTRACT
Exploration of factors associated with re-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be helpful in prevention of disease and reduce the burden of tuberculosis on health care system. This study was designed to identify factors associated with re-infection of tuberculosis in patients with sputum smears positive pulmonary tuberculosis in five bordering provinces of Iran. In this cross sectional study that performed of 2010-2012, different and clinical, socio economic factors were evaluated to identify influencing factors on re-infection. Data were gathered from questionnaires and survey of medical records. Data were analyzed by statistical methods in 300 studied patients with average age 51.9 +/- 24.2 years. 7.2% of patients were diagnosed with reinfection. 64% of patients were in low-income classes, [10.6%] of patients had concomitant renal diseases, 10.2% had diabetes, and 9.8% of patients had liver dysfunction. In multiple analysis, migration from rural to urban areas [P=0.31] and weight loss [P=0.42] were significantly associated with increased risk re-infection. Compared to global reports recurrence rate in our cohort was in a moderate degree. Future studies should be done to identify the influential environmental and socioeconomic factors that affect the M tuberculosis in re-infection
ABSTRACT
Background: Identifying the factors associated with the recurrence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) can help in tuberculosis disease prevention and reducing the burden on the health care system. This study was designed to identify the factors associated with recurrence in MTB patients in five border provinces of Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study (2010 to 2012), clinical, economic, and social factors associated with the recurrence of tuberculosis were evaluated. The data were collected by a questionnaire and survey of medical records. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS V.18. Results: A total of 300 patients with an average age of 51.9 years (SD 24.2) were randomly selected. Overall, 7.2% of the patients were diagnosed with a recurrence of tuberculosis. Sixty-four percent (n = 151) of the patients were in a low-income class. The migration from a village to a city (OR = 8.4) and weight loss (OR = 1.5) were significantly associated with an increased chance of recurrence. Conclusion: In this study, the selected provinces of Iran had moderate rates of tuberculosis recurrence in comparison to global reports. Further studies on the relationship of both weight loss and the immigration from a village to a city with tuberculosis recurrence are necessary.
ABSTRACT
To study the effect of erythropoietin [EPO] treatment on renal and lung injury following renal ischemia/re-perfusion [I/R]. Thirty male Wistar rats were assigned to three groups of 10 rats each. The first group was sham-operated, the second was subjected to renal I/R [30 min of ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion]. The third group was subjected to renal I/R and treated with EPO in two doses: the first dose 1 h prior to ischemia [1,000 U/kg] and the second dose 6 h after ischemia [1,000 U/kg]. The renal and lung tissue injury index, tissue serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine [Cr] were higher in the renal I/R group compared to the renal I/R + EPO group; the difference was statistically significant [p < 0.05]. Kidney and lung tissue glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were higher in the renal I/R + EPO group than the renal I/R group; the difference was also statistically significant [p < 0.05]. The data showed that EPO pretreatment could be effective in reducing renal and lung injury following renal I/R and could improve the cellular antioxidant defense system. Hence EPO pretreatment may be effective for attenuating renal and lung injury after renal I/R-induced injury during surgical procedures, hypotension, renal transplantation and other conditions inducing renal I/R
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Reperfusion Injury , Oxidative Stress , Kidney/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Lung/pathologyABSTRACT
It has been suggested that some micronutrients have antioxidant and immunomodulating effects on the treatment of mycobacterial disease. In this study, we investigated the effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on clinical responses in tuberculosis patients. Thirty-five patients with pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed on the basis of a positive sputum smear for acid fast bacilli or culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were selected. Serial sputum examinations were performed before the diagnosis and at the end of every 15 days, during two months of therapy; chest X-ray of all patients were also evaluated. In a setting of double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the patients were divided into two groups. Group I[n=17] received combination of vitamin E and selenium which composed of 140 mg of +-TE and 200 ?g selenium per day, and group II received placebo. All patients in both groups received the same antituberculosis standard therapy. Clinical examination and assessment of micronutrient levels were carried out before and after 2 months of intervention. In group I, elimination of tubercle bacilli from sputum occurred earlier than in group II [6 weeks versus 8 weeks, respectively; p= 0.001]. At the end of the 2[nd] and 6[th] month of therapy, the median reduction in cavity surface area on chest X-ray in group I was significantly more than group II [2[nd] month: 1.5[0.0-4.5 versus 9.0[4.0-18.0];p= 0.03, and 6[th] month: 0.0[0.0-2.3] versus 6.3[1.0-15.8]; p < 0.05, respectively]. Vitamin E plus selenium supplementation may improve the microbiological and radiological outcomes of the treatment in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis