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Introduction: Determination of gestational age is important in civil and criminal cases. Though a reasonable assessment of gestational age can be made by measuring physical parameters such as crown-heel length, weight of foetus and by noting morphological features, organ development and appearance of ossification centres, an alternative parameter is desirable in some instances. In this study we directly Comparison of Hand and Foot Growth with Gestational Age in Human male and female Foetuses. Material and Methods: 60 formalin fixed human foetuses (25 male 35 female) were obtained from Museum of Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, and Aligarh. Foetuses were divided into five groups. (Group I:< 17wks), (Group II: 17-20wks), (Group III: 21-25wks), (Group IV: 26- 30wks), (Group V: >30wks). We taking fourteen parameters in hand and foot i.e. length and breadth of the hand and lengths of all five fingers, Length and breadth of foot, length of all five toes, were measured using Vernier callipers. Result: It was found during comparison of male and female hand and foot parameters that Breadth of hand in less than 17 weeks (p-0.047), Hand length during 17-20 weeks (p-0.029), Middle finger and ring finger during 17-20 weeks (p-0.006) and (p-0.014), Great toe during 17-20 weeks (p-0.011) was found to be statically significant. Conclusion: It was concluded that breadth of hand, foetal hand length, middle finger and ring finger, great toe are significantly correlated with gestational age significantly (p<0.05) correlated with gestational age during comparison of male and female hand and foot parameters therefore these parameters could be utilized to estimate gestational age. It could be used in medico legal cases in where hand and foot parts are available or part of it is available for estimation of gestational age.
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Background: Variations of the arteries, nerves and muscles of the upper limb have both clinical and surgicalimportance. The superficial brachial artery origination from the third part of the axillary artery, communicationsbetween the musculocutaneous and median nerves, variant formation of the brachial plexus, origination of theProfunda brachii artery from the posterior circumflex humeral artery have been well documented. We describehere the other variations in the upper limbs of a male cadaver.Case Report: During our routine dissection studies on a 50year old male cadaver we encountered variations inRight upper limb.Observations: In this case we observed the axillary artery gives two terminal branches the first was the superficialbrachial artery and the second was a common trunk for the sub scapular,brachial, posterior circumflex humeral and anterior circumflex humeral arteries. Superficial brachial arterygive Radial and Ulnar arteries. Variant formations of the brachial plexus i.e., medial root of median nerveoriginate from both lateral and medial cord.Conclusion: We think that such variations should be kept in mind during surgical and diagnostic procedures.Variation in the brachial plexus medial root of median nerve originate from both lateral and medial cord mightbe of significance in diagnostic clinical neurophysiology.
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Aim: To identify the Stature from the cephalo-facial dimension (facial height) in Indian females.Materials and Methods: A stadiometer was used to measure the stature, and the facial height was taken byutilizing a vernier caliper, in 43 female medical students. To know about the significance and correlation, thedata were analysed statistically.Results: Mean stature and the mean facial height were found to be 158.93±11.06 cm and 10.39±0.83 cm respectively.P value was less than 0.001 and Pearson’s coefficient obtained was 0.93. Hence, there is found to be a significantpositive correlation between stature and facial height in Indian females.Conclusion: Estimation of stature from the facial height could be performed where only unknown head and faceare brought for anthropometric examinations.
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INTRODUCTION The acetabulum of the hip bone is an important parameter for determination of sex.Morphometry of hip bone is of interest to anatomist, forensic experts and anthropologist. The parameters are also of clinical importance for orthopaedic surgeons. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study is to find the Diameter of acetabulum, Depth of acetabulum, Diameter of acetabular Notch and Shape of the anterior ridge of the acetabulum in North Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS 57 human ossified adult hip bones were includedfrom the Anatomy and forensic Department in this study. After determination of sex, the measurements were taken with the help of digital vernier calipers and a metallic scale. RESULTS In this study the measurements of diameter of acctabulum is larger in female in both sides than that of male and significant statistically. The Acetabular Depth in female is more in left side but slightly less in right side than male. The Acetabular Diameter and Acetabular Depth in left side is more than right side. The anterior acetabular ridge in this study is more (43.9%) of curved type. CONCLUSION Morphometric study will help detection of disputed sex by Forensic Experts &Orthopedic Surgeons for planning the total hip replacement. The Acetabular Depth in female is more in left side but slightly less in right side than male. The measurements are more in left side than that of right side.
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Background: Genetic etiology has been proposed for both idiopathic epilepsy and dermatoglyphics. Hence, the present study has been undertaken to find out the existence of any correlation between dermatoglyphics and idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Objective of current study was to find out an association, if any, between dermatoglyphic patterns of hands in idiopathic generalized epilepsy of both sexes. Methods: The study was conducted in the department of anatomy and department of neurology, Himalayan institute of medical sciences, Swami Ram Nagar, Dehradun. Fingertip patterns (whorls, loops, arches) and Main line (A, B, C, D) terminations were analysed by utilizing finger and palmar prints. Results: The present study showed a significant decrease in whorls and an increase in arches in both the hands of male and female IGE patients. Loops were increased in both hands of female patients. Main line D was mostly confined to sectors 11, 9 and 7 in both sexes among the cases and controls. Main line C terminated quite often in sectors 9 & 7 in males and females of the case series. Main line B terminated most frequently in sectors 5'' & 7 in control and case groups. Main line A terminated most frequently in sector 5' in males and females. Conclusion: Therefore, we can conclude and hypothesize merely by observing decrease in the whorl and increase in the arch patterns in the fingerprints (as observed in the present study) that persons with high risk of idiopathic generalized epilepsy can be identified early and preventive measures can be taken against serious complications.