ABSTRACT
Background: The present study will help to determine if balance in young females is affected due to donning of headscarf and will help in planning preventive strategies. Material & Methods: Study Design- Cross sectional study design, Setting- Subjects were selected from Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi -110062. Subjects were selected for the study according to the following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methods of Sampling- Sample of convenience. Instrumentation/Tools/Scales- Goniometer, Standardized tape measure, Weighing machine, Stadiometer and Y Test Kit. Statistical Analysis-The data was managed on an excel spreadsheet and was analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences for windows) software, Version 20. Student’s t-test was used to analyse the data and level of significance was kept at 0.05. Results: The purpose of conducting this study was to find out the effect of wearing head scarf on dynamic balance, which was conducted on females of Jamia Hamdard. This study was conducted on 98 young adult female university students. Out of which 49 subjects wore headscarf (Experimental group) for at least 1-year and rest 49 subjects did not wear a headscarf (Control group) It was observed that there was a statistically significant effect of wearing headscarf on dynamic balance in young adult females between the two groups. Conclusion: The present study was conducted to see the effect of donning a headscarf on balance in young females. A total of 98 subjects were included in the present study and divided into the control and experimental group. The results of the study indicated that the control group had better balance as compared to the experimental group by Y balance test indicating that donning of headscarf affects balance in young females. Hence null hypothesis is rejected and experimental hypothesis is accepted.
ABSTRACT
Background: Barabanki one of the most populous districts of Uttar Pradesh with population growth rate being much higher than the national population growth rate. The objective of this study was to gain the knowledge about awareness and contraceptive practices in married women residing in Barabanki. To identify socio-demographic factors associated with unmet needs for contraceptionand also to ascertain the participation of husband in family planning.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in outpatient department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Department of Pediatrics in Medical college hospital in Barabanki. 144 females were enrolled in the study during the study period of one year. They were interviewed on the basis of a pre-structured proforma. Data obtained was then analyzed.Results: A total 144 women in the age group 18-45 years participated in the study of which 53% had knowledge of contraception. More than two thirds were not using any form of contraception. The most common method of contraception was barrier method followed by Depot medroxy progesterone acetate. Copper T was least used mode of contraception. The most common source of knowledge regarding contraception was from electronic media followed by friends and family. The most common reason behind the absence of contraception was lack of knowledge of contraception and husband disapproval.Conclusions: Poor knowledge of contraception led to decreased usage of contraceptive measures. Husband participation is virtually absent in family planning leading to high fertility. In order to make our family planning programs successful we must incorporate media for wider coverage to increase awareness and husbands for better implementation.
ABSTRACT
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are known to be responsible for a number of heterogenous clinical presentations with multi-systemic involvement. Impaired oxidative phosphorylation leading to a decrease in cellular energy (ATP) production is the most important cause underlying these disorders. Despite significant progress made in the field of mitochondrial medicine during the last two decades, the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders are not fully understood. Since the identification of first mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation in 1988, there has been an exponential rise in the identification of mtDNA and nuclear DNA mutations that are responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction and disease. Genetic complexity together with ever widening clinical spectrum associated with mitochondrial dysfunction poses a major challenge in diagnosis and treatment. Effective therapy has remained elusive till date and is mostly efficient in relieving symptoms. In this review, we discuss the important clinical and genetic features of mitochondrials disorders with special emphasis on diagnosis and treatment.