ABSTRACT
Background: The study aimed to compare the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care professionals (HCPs). Methodology: It was a cross sectional study carried out on health care professionals (doctors, nursing staff and paramedical HCPs) in India. Depression, generalized anxiety, panic symptoms, hypochondriacal and obsessional symptoms were assessed through questions based on ICD-10 criteria. A pre tested google questionnaire was prepared and its link was sent through various social media. Results: A total of 626 HCPs (385 doctors, 124 nursing staff, 117 Paramedical HCPs) were included in the study. Depression, generalized anxiety, panic symptoms, hypochondriacal symptoms and obsessional symptoms were found in 13.3%, 21.2% 5.1%, 16.5% and 32.6% of the HCPs respectively. Depression, generalized anxiety and panic symptoms were found to be significantly higher in the HCPs of COVID health care facilities (p0.009; p<0.001; p0.035 respectively). Female HCP was associated with depression [OR 2.34 (1.38-3.96); p-0.002] and panic symptoms [OR 3.43 (1.46-8.07); p-0.005]. Generalized anxiety was more common in HCPs working in COVID health care facilities [1.91 (1.20-3.03); p-0.006]. Conclusion: The study concludes that being a female health care professional, doctors and those working in COVID health care facilities were at a higher risk of having poor psychological health.
ABSTRACT
Aims and Objective: Glomerular disease (GD) is one of the most common forms of renal diseases and can have many different clinical presentations and there is a variation in the prevalence of the type of GD according to geographical location and race of the study population, so our aim is to report the frequency of biopsy-proven glomerular disease (GD) in a single center in North-west Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: Medical records of 48 patients with biopsy-proven GD over a period of 1 year from October 2013 to October 2014 were prospectively analyzed. The clinical, laboratory, and histological data were recorded. All biopsy specimens were examined by the same pathologist with light and immunofluorescence microscopy. Electron microscopic analysis was performed only in selected cases. Results: According to renal biopsies, chronic thrombotic microangiopathy was present in 1 patient and it belonged to secondary glomerular disease, 2 patients had diffuse lupus nephritis class IV and they also had secondary glomerular disease, 17 patients had FSGS and out of them 16 belonged to primary glomerular disease, 9 patients had IgA Nephropathy. We identified 5 patients each had MPGN and MGN and they all belonged to primary glomerular disease. Three patients had mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Minimal change disease was present in 3 patients while 1 patient had renal amyloidosis. Out of total 48 patients, 31 had nephrotic syndrome while 17 patients had nephritic syndrome out of them 28 and 15 patients had primary glomerular disease respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that FSGS as most common cause of primary glomerular disease {the most common variant is not otherwise specified (NOS)}, followed by IgA nephropathy in North West Rajasthan. Lupus nephritis was more common in patients who had secondary glomerular disease in our study. The spectrum of GD varies according to the area of study and changes over time.
ABSTRACT
Background: Substance abuse disorder is among the leading public health problems in modern day world as they cause enormous human suffering in terms of morbidity, mortality and economic loss; and threatens the very social fabric of almost all communities around the world and as such is a great threat to the global health, economy and peace. Like most social behaviours the etiology of substance abuse is complex, varying through time, geographical regions and by demographic characteristics. Among young people, students are the most vulnerable group as the initiation into substance abuse first starts during this period. Aims & Objective: To find out the prevalence and pattern of substance abuse and its association with various sociocultural and demographic variables. Material and Methods: Multi-stage random sampling method was adopted to select the study subjects. The study subjects were asked about the substance abuse and related socio-demographic variables by means of WHO model core questionnaire format and results were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The overall life-time prevalence of for substance abuse among college students was found to be 31.3%. Male students had significantly higher prevalence of substance abuse as compared to female counterparts(37.5% versus 19.6% respectively).The most common substance being abused was Tobacco products(22.5%) followed by solvents (10.0%), alcohol (6.2%), sedatives (5.9%), cannabis (4.4%), amphetamine products (2.1%), hallucinogens (0.5%) and cocaine (0.3%). Age, gender and family type were found to be strongly associated with substance abuse (p<0.001). Conclusion: Prevalence of substance abuse among college students is high and causes significant problems in this population; therefore there is necessity of targeted interventions to reduce this huge burden.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Corticosteroids decrease side effects after noncardiac elective surgery. A randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled study was plan to test the hypothesis that standard doses of dexamethasone (6X2) would decrease the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) following cardiac surgery. METHODS: A total of 185 patients undergoing coronary revascularization surgery were enrolled in this clinical study. The anesthetic management was standardized in all patients. Dexamethasone (6 mg/ml) or saline (1 ml) was administered after the induction of anesthesia and a second dose of the same study drug was given on the morning after surgery. The incidence of AF was determined by analyzing the first 72 hours of continuously recorded electrocardiogram records after cardiac surgery, to determine the incidence and severity of postoperative side effects. RESULTS: The incidence of 48 hours postoperative AF was significantly lower in the Dexamethasone group (21/ 92[37.5%]) than in the placebo group (35/92 [62.5%], adjusted hazard ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-3.95 (P<0.05). Compared with placebo, patients receiving dexamethasone did not have higher rates of superficial or deep wound infections, or other major complications. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic short-term dexamethasone administration in patients undergoing coronary artery bypasses grafting significantly reduced postoperative atrial fibrillation.
OBJETIVO: Os efeitos colaterais dos corticosteroides diminuem após a cirurgia eletiva não cardíaca. Este estudo randomizado, duplo cego, placebo-controlado foi planejado para testar a hipótese de que as doses-padrão de dexametasona (6 X 2) diminuiriam a incidência de fibrilação atrial (FA) após cirurgia cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Um total de 185 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização coronária foram incluídos neste estudo clínico. O manuseio anestésico foi padronizado em todos os pacientes. Dexametasona (6 mg/ml) ou salina (1 ml) foram administradas após a indução da anestesia e uma segunda dose da mesma droga do estudo foi dada na manhã após a cirurgia. A incidência da FA foi determinada pela análise das primeiras 72 horas de registros de eletrocardiograma continuamente registrados após cirurgia cardíaca, para determinar a incidência e gravidade dos efeitos colaterais pós-operatórios. RESULTADOS: A incidência de FA pós-operatória em 48 horas foi significativamente menor no grupo de hidrocortisona (21/92 [37,5%]) do que no grupo placebo (35/92 [62,5%], hazard ratio ajustada, 2,07; intervalo de confiança 95%, 1,09-3,95 (P <0,05). Em comparação com placebo, os pacientes que receberam hidrocortisona não tiveram maiores taxas de infecções da ferida superficial ou profunda, ou outras complicações principais. CONCLUSÕES: A administração da dexametasona profilática de curto prazo em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio reduziu significativamente no pós-operatório da FA no pós-operatório.