ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: In developing countries like Nepal, the oral health system is currently in transition phase facing a high prevalence of dental caries. It has significant social impact in important life activities which hinders the achievement and ma intenance of good oral health due to lack of dental awareness in all age groups. Streptococcus mutans is the most predominant organism to cause dental caries. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and to identify its etiology among adolescence.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried by following Standard protocols of Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology to isolate and identify the organism. The data was analyzed using SPPS 17.0 and Microsoft excels 2007 which was considered as statistically significant at p-value < 0.05.Results: The prevalence of dental caries in adolescent was found to be 33%. The highest numbers of patients having dental caries were in the age group of 15-19 in female (66.32%) than male (39.70%). Bacterial growth was observed more in female (75.60%) than male (24.39%) which was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0001). S. mutans was found as the most important cause of dental caries. Maxillary region of tooth were more vulnerable to dental caries than mandibular region of tooth. Most of the respondents had once per day brushing habit without fluoridated dentrifice containing tooth paste.Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries was found one third of total. S.mutans was the main causes of dental caries and molars tooth are more affected than others.
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to detect the sensitivity of different methods of eliciting knee jerks and to compare the conventional methods with the newly purposed maneuver. Knee jerk (a deep tendon reflex) was elicited in 123 apparently normal population (77 males and 46 females) with three different methods (1) without applying reinforcement, (2) applying Jendrassik maneuver (strong voluntary contraction of upper limbs) and (3) using the new method of reinforcement--that is by dorsiflexion of ankle joint of the same foot voluntarily as strong as possible on which the jerk would be elicitated. The sensitivity of the method without reinforcement was found to be is 87.8%; that with Jendrassik maneuver was 93.5%, whereas the sensitivity of newly proposed maneuver was 99.2%. Results of the present study have served to demonstrate that elicitation of knee jerk with newly proposed reinforcement maneuver is the best among all three methods.