[Effects of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride on alterations of dental plaque pH following sucrose consumption]

Plaque pH drop after consumption of sugary materials may dis-solve enamel minerals. Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate [CPP-ACP] is a paste enriched with calcium and phosphate. The new formulation of this paste, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride [CPP-ACPF], contains 900 ppm fluoride. This paste can neutralize the low pH of bacterial plaque. This study compares the efficacy of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF for neutralizing plaque acidity at different time points. This clinical trial was conducted on 40 students. Plaque pH at the distal of first molar was measured before and 10 minutes after the consumption of 10% sucrose solution. In the next step, CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF pastes were applied as recommended by the manufacturers to the tooth surface. Plaque pH was measured at 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Data was recorded and analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA [P<0.05]. Both CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF increased plaque pH similarly in the first 48 hours. However, the pattern changed from this time point on. CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF had similar efficacy for up to 48 hours, but CPP- ACPF was capable of keeping the pH high by up to 96 hours

[Assessment of the relation between clinical phases of dental eruption and skeletal maturity stages using cervical vertebrae method]

Timing is an important factor in orthodontic treatment planning. Skeletal age is a standard indicator for determining optimum time for treatment. On the other hand, in clinic the phases of the dentition [deciduous, early and late mixed, permanent] have often been used for treatment timing, investigations of the different outcomes of treatment protocols at earlier vs later stages of development. Considering the importance of this issue and to evaluate it in the Iranian adolescents, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between clinical phases of dental eruption and the skeletal maturity stages by cervical vertebrae method [CVM]. Panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms of 100 boys and 100 girls were used. For determination of the Phases of dentition, Vander Linden method and for the skeletal maturity, CVM were used. The relationship between the skeletal maturity [stages in CVM] and the phases of the dentition was evaluated statistically by means of indicators of diagnostic tests and spearman's rho analysis. Spearman's rho analysis indicated a relatively strong correlation of 0.775 [P<0.001]; The early mixed dentition phase was a valid indicator of prepubertal stage [CS1], but the late mixed and early permanent dentitions were not valid indicators for the diagnosis of the onset of the pubertal growth spurt [CS3]. In comparison with a reliable indicator of skeletal maturity [CVM], the dentition phases perform poorly in the detection of the onset of the pubertal spurt in skeletal growth.

[Evaluation the need and demand of orthodontic treatment in 12 years old school students in Abade, Iran]

Orthodontic treatment need and demand in 12-year-olds in Abadeh city has not previously been analysed in relation to geographic origin. The purpose of this study was to assess the12 year old students need and demand for orthodontic treatment. Four hundred seventeen 12-year-old students was selected from public and private schools in Abade [Fars province, Iran]. All the students were examined according to the AC and DHC component of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need [IOTN] by a trained dentist. Students' and parents' perceived needs were also assessed using AC component and their demand for orthodontic treatment was asked through a questionair. Twenty two percent of the students were in "no need of treatment" group when assessed by DHC component, 29.5% were in "average need" and 48.2% were in "definite need" group. When assessed by AC score, these percents were 61.9%, 29%, and 9.1%. Parents and students percieved need for definite orthodontic treatment according to AC score was 8.6% and 7.7%, respectively. The students and their parents' demand for treatment were 40.6% and 44. 9%, respectively. Orthodontic treatment need in Abade is higher in comparison with other reports according to DHC. DHC is not correlated with orthodontic treatment demand of 12 years old students, but AC had a strong relationship with treatment demand

[Correlation between P53, P63 expression and HPV infection with staging and grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma]

Squamous cell carcinoma is the eighth common cancer and forms 94% of oral malignancies. Nowadays, many molecular and genetic changes have been known to affect tumoral behavior which might be good for drug production and gene therapy. It has been known that mutated P53, overexpression of P63 as an oncogene and HPV infection are correlated with clinicopathological behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma [OSCC] and it's prognosis and overall survival rate. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the expression of P53, P63 and HPV infection with oral squamous cell carcinoma and it's clinical staging and microscopical grading. Forty paraffin blocks with diagnosis of OSCC were collected from the pathology department, Shahid Beheshti School of Dentistry and the Department of general pathology, Taleghani hospital. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with antibodies against P53 and P63 and for detection of high risk types of HPV [HPVI6, 18] polymerized chain reaction [PCR] was used. Spearman correlation test was used for data analyzing. In this analytical cross-sectional study, we found significant correlation between P53 total score and staging [P=0.0001] and P53 total score and grading [P=0.013]. There was also significant correlation between P63 proportional score and grading [P=0.049]. HPV 16 also had significant correlation with P53 total score [P=0.003]. The mean nuclear staining of P53 was 33.04 +/- 25.66% [01=24.94-41.14] and P 63 was 39.25 +/- 19.35 [CI 33.13-45.37]. HPV frequency was 40% [HPV 16=20% and HPV18=7.5%]. There was no significant correlation between P63 and HPV infection [P>0.05]. We concluded that P63 could be a diagnostic marker for grading of OSCC and P53 and P63 expression might have some role in progression of OSCC and its clinicopathological behavior. Presence of HPV especially HPV 16 may be regarded as a risk factor in OSCC

[Comparison of face mask treatment with or without expansion screw in dentoskeletal changes of Class III patients]

Among various treatments available for patients with Class III malocclusion, orthopedic protraction of maxilla during the mixed dentition period has been reported to be beneficial in cases with maxillary deficiency. In such patients, however, the maxillary expansion is not sometimes needed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of face mask with and without maxillary expansion screw in Class III malocclusion patients who had maxillary deficiency. Twenty children with class III malocclusion were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups [A and B]. The children in group A were treated with a protraction face mask, and patients in group B were treated with a face mask and removable slow maxillary expansion device. The cephalometric changes in maxilla and mandible, and alterations in dental relations were compared within and between groups before and after treatment. Before-after comparisons in each group were performed with paired sample t-test. Covariance analysis served for between groups comparisons. In group A, the overjet was improved and molar relation was changed into normal occlusion [Class I]. The cephalometric analysis in group B revealed that Class III malocclusion was modified through a forward movement of the maxilla and a backward rotation of the mandible. Face mask is a favorable treatment in improving the antero-posterior position of maxilla and mandible in Class III patients even if they don't need palatal expansion

[Assessing the abrasive ability of three different domestic pediatric toothpastes]

The abrasive quality of children's toothpaste has long been the concern of dental professionals. On the other hand, manufacturers have tried to improve the quality and establish ingredient standards. This study was designed to compare the abrasiveness of three locally produced toothpastes, namely Darugar, Pooneh and Kam with Oral-B standard. This experimental study was conducted using 24 samples of composite blocks imbedded in acrylic material. The weight of each specimen was measured by a digital scale at 0.0001gr accuracy. Each specimen was brushed with 200gr force along with the selected tooth paste solutions using V8 cross brushing machine. The weight of each specimen was measured after 5000, 10000, 15000 and 20000 strokes. The mean weight-loss as well as their standard deviations were calculated for each group. The collected data was then analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests. No significant difference was detected between four types of toothpastes after 5000 and 10000 strokes. However, significant differences were observed between Darugar toothpaste and the rest [Kam, Pooneh and Oral-B] after 15000 and 20000 strokes. Darugar pediatric toothpaste showed higher abrasive rate when compared with other toothpastes. The amount of wear was shown to be similar in Kam, Pooneh and Oral-B

Evaluating stability changes of tapered roughened surface implants in different bone types: a prospective clinical cohort study

Implant stability of different designs have shown to be variable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability changes as a reflection of early healing around roughened-surface implants in human using resonance frequency analysis [RFA]. 153 Branemark Replace tapered Ti-unite[tm] implants in 68 patients were placed in the maxilla or mandible. Bone type was classified into one of 4 groups according to Lekholm and Zarb index. RFA was used for direct implant stability measurement on the day of implant placement and at 14, 30 and 60 days after placement. No early failure occurred. The lowest primary stability measurement was observed in type 4 bone. Student t-test for comparison of bone groups at each time point revealed no significant difference between implant stability in all bone types [P > 0.05]. In testing the effect of implant length and diameter with time using the mixed model ANOVA according to implant length, there was not any significant difference between groups [P > 0.05]; however, implant diameter showed a significant effect on implant stability. There were no significant differences in implant stability between genders [P > 0.05], According to the results, pattern of stability changes are not different among different bone type

Comparison of pulpotomy with formocresol and MTA in primary molars: a systematic review and metaanalysis

There are various studies looking at the effects of formocresol [FC] and mineral trioxide aggregate [MTA] on pulpotomy of primary molars. This is a systematic review of literature comparing the success rates of MTA and FC in pulpotomy of primary molars. The study list was obtained using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Science Citation Index, Iran Medex, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, and also some hand searches contains through dental journals approved by the Iranian Ministry of Health. Papers which met the inclusion were accepted. The quality of studies for the meta-analysis was assessed by a series of validity criteria according to Jadad's scale. Eight qualified studies met the criteria. Terms of clinical outcomes and radiographic findings were evaluated in all studies to assess clinical success and root resorption. Fixed model was applied to aggregate the data of homogenous studies. A random effect model was carried out for measuring the effect size of heterogeneous studies. The overall clinical and radiographic success rates based on the data suggested that MTA was superior to FC [P=0.004] with the Odds Ratio=3.535 and 95% confidence interval [1.494-8.369]. Primary molars pulpotomy with MTA have better clinical and radiographic success rates than FC

[Frequency of orthodontic malpractice cases and verdicts filed at the Iranian Medical Council during 1994-2004]

The number of complaints filed by patients at the Iranian Medical Council is rising in recent years. Some of the complaints are related to orthodontics malpractice cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of orthodontics malpractice complaints filed against either specialists or general dental practitioners -according to the final decree registered at the Iranian Medical Council. This descriptive study was designed to examine the relevant documents filed since 1372 [1994], which received rulings by the Iranian Medical Council. Of the 54 orthodontics cases, 31 were filed against general practitioners, 16 against orthodontists, 3 against pediatricians and 4 against so-called denturists. A total of 25 cases were acquitted of all charges, 3 cases were punished verbally, 33 cases received written notice and 4 cases of dentuirists were referred to court. Among all, 27 malpractice cases were against removable and 26 involving fixed orthodontic treatments. Twelve convicted individuals were also charged with lack of professional care, 14 with lack of expertise, and 2 for negligence. This study shows a considerable rise in convicted malpractice cases filed against general dental practitioners [88%], according to registered cases at the Iranian Medical Council over the past ten years. For prevention and control of such events, this result suggests that more education and closer supervision as well as enforcement of regulations are required by authorities