ABSTRACT
The effect of three doses of intramuscular quinine followed by oral quinine on ten adults and ten children with falciparum malaria (half of each group were highly parasitised) were studied. There were no complications associated with this method of therapy. the level of serum quinine in all the adults reached above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) from the 2nd hour of the drug administration. So this method of administration should be recommended for severely ill patients before referral to hospitals. Anong the children, eight responded well to the therapy and the serum quinine level rose above MIC level from the second hour as in adults. There were two patients who failed to respone to the treatment. One had persistantly high level of quinine and was misdiagnosed as a case of cerebral malaria instead of quinine toxicity. He responded well when quinine was omitted and replaced with mefloquine. Another child had persistantly low level of quinine. He developed cerebral sings and symptoms and also responded well to mefloquine. Thus it is suggested that the level of serum quinine should be monitroed in children if possible, or toxicity ot quinine should be watched.
Subject(s)
Quinine , MyanmarABSTRACT
The histological examination of the distribution and the mode of termination of the uterine nerves was made in 8 uteri of dogs, 8 uteri of cats, 2 uteri of human female fetuses and 1 uterus of human adult using various techniques. Nerve plexuses were found in all three layers of the uterus but the intramural ganglia and nerve cells were found only in the adventitia of the cervical region. Two types of afferent nerve endings were found, namely the free but organized ending such as looplike ending (under the mucosa of human foetal uterus) and the encapsulated ending such as bulbous corpuscle (in the adventitia of human foetal uterus and in the musculature of dog's uterus) and Meissner's corpuscle (in the musculature of a lull human uterus). Pharmacological experiments were done in the uteri of 2 dogs. Sympathomimetic agents were seen to evoke inhibitory responses whereas parasympathomimetic agents were seen to evoke excitatory responses. The results of these findings are discussed.
Subject(s)
PharmacologyABSTRACT
The phenomenon of ventricular escape from continued vagal stimulation has so far not been satisfactorily explained. Recently, Friedman and Campos (1960) and Friedman and Bhagat (1962) have postulated that the phenomenon of vagal escape might be explained as the basis of the catecholamine content of the heart. We have tested this hypothesis by correlating the degree of vagal inhibition with that of the catecholamine content of the heart in different species of animals. The hearts were depleted of catecholamines by the administration of reserpine and the degrees of vagal influence on these hearts compared with that on control animals. There was no correlation between the total catecholamine content of the heart and the degree of vagal inhibition. However, in resepinised dogs and cats, guinea-pig and fish stimulation of the vagas resulted in a greater inhibition of the heart than in non-reserpinised animals.
Subject(s)
Heart Ventricles , MyanmarABSTRACT
Experiments on dogs and cats were performed to determine the similarity in response between bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries and tyramine. It was found that: (1) Alphamethyl tyrosine, an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, reduced the vasopressor response to occlusion of common carotid arteries as well as to tyramine. (2) Reserpine pretreatment, 24 hours prior to experimentation, abolished the response to carotid clamping as well as to tyramine. (3) Octopamine, a "false neurochemical transmitter" abolished the response to carotid occlusion. (4) Pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, reduced the response to carotid occlusion. (5) Infusion of norepinephrine and alpha-methyl norepinephrine into reserpinized preparations restored the vasopressor response to tyramine but octopamine failed to do so. It is suggested that the storage site(s) from which the neurohormones are released during carotid clamping is similar to the site(s) involved in the release of neurohormones by tyramine.