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@#BACKGROUND: According to the United Nations, drug reports 2016, 250 million people aged 15 to 64 an estimated 29 million of them have used drugs and narcotics. The United nations states that the drug and narcotic manufacturing have increased by three times in east 15 years. Mongolia is located between Russia and China that are the most drug used countries in the world and it can increase the risk of drug usage in Mongolia. OBJECTIVE: Study to knowledge and attitude about drugs and narcotics among the high school, college and universities students in Ulaanbaatar. METHODS: The research was conducted among the school, college and universities students and the analytic research method was used in our research. 176 middle and high school students, 215 university students and 70 college students from morning classes were participated in the survey. The survey research was used method of collecting information and materials about the drug usage and narcotics. SPSS 17 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The highest point was 16 (n=1) and lowest point was 0 (n=16) and the knowledge of drugs among the students was 8.14. Results releated that 7.8% (n=36) of students have enough information about the drugs and narcotics, 62.9% (n=261) of students did not have enough information and 29.3% (n=135) of them have informed moderately. CONCLUSIONS: Exploring the knowledge about drugs and narcotics among the students, 7.8% of them have enough information, 62.9% of them did not have enough information and 29.3% of them have informed moderately
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IntroductionThe imported food products are more than 60 percent of total food consumption of Mongolia. Thelead residue in food products causes chronic and acute poisoning to the human health when exceedsmaximum residues limits, and human exposure and significant public health problems in many partsof the world.GoalTo assess lead residues and health risk of some commonly consumed imported food productsamong Mongolian population.Objectives:1. To determine consumption of some imported food products of Mongolian population;2. To investigate lead residue in some commonly consumed imported food products;3. To assess potential health risk related lead residue.Materials and MethodsThe research used analytic study of cross-sectional study design. Randomly selected 1290 people’simports food consumption was analyzed by questionnaire and body weight measurements. Tooksamples from 145 import products, identified lead residue with Academy of Sciences Soil ResearchLaboratory`s, ASS (USA, 2002) equipment.Results60.7% of imported food samples were lead residues exceeded to Maximum Residues Limits, suchus mean lead residues in meat product were 1.55 mg/kg, in milk product 1.22 mg/kg, in cerealproducts 1.15 mg/kg, in vegetables 1.57 mg/kg, in fruit and fruit juice 1.03 mg/kg, in alcohols drink1.31 mg/kg, and in tea 1.93 mg/kg (p=0.001). Estimated Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI)of lead exposure for survey responses was 0.079mg/kg body weight.Conclusions:1. 60.7% of imported food samples were lead residues exceeded to Maximum Residues Limits,such us mean lead residues in meat product, milk products, fruits and vegetables.2. Imported vegetables (54.0%), cereal 8.4% products (15.5%), fruit and fruit juice (11.8%), andmilk products (8.4%) is main contributing to lead residues in imported food.3. Estimated Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) of lead exposure for survey responseswas 0.079mg/kg body weight, which is 3.2 times higher than toxicological guidance (PTWI 0.025mg/kg per 1 kg human body weight) and the high health risk level.