ABSTRACT
We report a patient of primary catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome who presented with rapidly progressive renal failure and seizures. He was detected to have thrombotic microangiopathy on kidney biopsy and deep cerebral venous thrombosis. The patient was successfully managed with anticoagulants, steroids, plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide.
Subject(s)
Adult , Anticonvulsants , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/diagnosis , Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Cyclophosphamide , Disease Progression , Humans , Acute Kidney Injury/physiopathology , Male , Plasmapheresis , Steroids , Venous Thrombosis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Due to the depaminergic neurotrasmission in the mesocortical and mesolimbic reward systems, the neuroleptic drugs have been considered free from the risk of abuse or dependence because of their antidopaminergic properties. Here, two cases of neuroleptic abuse have been described and a possibility of reward circuits other than mesocortical and mesolimbic systems operational behind this phenomenon has been postulated. There is a need to clinically recognise the abuse potential of neuroleptic drugs.
Subject(s)
Adult , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/drug therapy , Substance-Related DisordersABSTRACT
The dopamine, glutamate and GABA systems are known to mediate the effects of alcohol on the movement disorders, though their exact roles are not clear. Thus, use of alcohol has implications for pathogenesis as well as management of the movement disorders. These implications are discussed citing a patient who had a strong family history of Huntington's disease and in whom movement disorder and behavioral problems were manifest under alcohol use and withdrawal, but not while being abstinent.