ABSTRACT
Objective: To find out the preference of medical students in Pakistan
Study Design: Observational / descriptive / cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Avicenna Medical College from January 2016 to March 2016
Materials and Methods: All the 2[nd] year students were included in the study. They were asked to fill a self- designed questionnaire in which along the demographic details, they were to mention the field which they want to continue for specialization. Also they were to mention the reason for opting that specialty
Results: A total of 105 students participated in the study. The mean age of participants was calculated as 21.75 +/- 3.68 years. There were 73 [69.5%] females while 32 [30.5%] male participants. The most commonly opted field was clinical sciences and among them surgery was selected by most of the participants. The most common reason for opting particular specialty was interest of the students
Conclusion: We conclude that interest of our medical students into basic medical sciences is less than clinical sciences. We need to identify the factors and take certain measures so that more students could opt basic sciences also as their career
ABSTRACT
Objective: to determine the diagnostic accuracy of anterior Drawer test in detection of anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] tear, using MRI as gold standard
Study design: cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, from March 2013 to September 2013
Methodology: patients presenting with post-traumatic knee pain and instability, were subjected to anterior Drawer test and then MRI of the involved knee was performed to match the findings of the two. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 10. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were determined by taking MRI as gold standard
Results: a total of 115 patients were enrolled. There were 96 [83.48%] males and 19 [16.52%] females. On anterior Drawer test, true positive and true negative patients for ACL tear were 64 [55.65%] and 42 [36.52%] respectively while false positive and false negative patients for ACL tear were 3 [2.61%] and 6 [5.22%] respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of anterior Drawer test were 91.43% and 93.33% respectively while positive and negative predictive values were 95.52% and 87.50% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 92.20%
Conclusions: Anterior Drawer test has better specificity than sensitivity and high positive predictive value. It is more accurate in ruling out an anterior cruciate ligament injury
ABSTRACT
The pathology of pneumoscrotum is rare and has been discussed seldom in the literature. Only few cases of pneumoscrotum secondary to traumatic pneumothorax have been reported. We report a case of a 32 year patient who presented in the emergency department after a road traffic accident. The patient on presentation had breathlessness with bruises on the right side of the chest, and a tense swelling of the scrotum associated with mild pain. Further investigations revealed pneumoscrotum caused by right sided pneumothorax. Pneumoscrotum itself is not an emergency situation but may be secondary to life threatning conditions. The condition is easy to diagnose and its management is conservative with intervention directed towards underlying pathology
ABSTRACT
Renal cell carcinoma has marked tendency to spread into renal vein, inferior vena cava and right side of heart. Extension of tumour thrombus into these veins will alter the surgical approach. We have compared the CT scan with Colour flow Doppler ultrasound in detecting venous tumour thrombus in renal vein and inferior vena cava. This cross-sectional study included 30 adult patients presenting with renal tumour. Patients of either gender were included in the study. Non probability convenience sampling was used. All patients underwent colour flow Doppler ultrasound and CT scan with contrast to asses the renal vein and inferior vena cava. The results were confirmed by intra operative findings and histopathology. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 12. Out of 30 patients, 20 [66%] were males and 10 [34%] female. The tumour was predominantly on the right side [60%], as was renal venous tumour thrombus [44%]. Inferior vena cava was involved in 4 cases predominantly due to right sided tumours. The sensitivity of Doppler ultrasound in detecting renal venous tumour thrombus [88% on right and 100% on left side] was higher than CT scan [63% on right and 60% on left side]. Doppler ultrasound was also superior to CT scan in detecting vena caval thrombus. The overall sensitivity of Doppler sonography was higher than CT scan in detecting tumour extension into renal veins and inferior vena cava. Therefore, it can be used as a complementary tool in equivocal cases
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Renal Veins , Thrombosis , Vena Cava, Inferior , Tomography, Spiral Computed , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
To find out the commonest cause of vesicovaginal fistula [VVF] and describe the surgical management. A descriptive study. The Department of Urology and Transplantation, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences [P.I.M.S.] Islamabad, from January 1995 to April 2002. The subjects were presenting with vesicovaginal fistulae. Symptomatology and demographic causes were noted. Investigation included IVU, cystoscopy, vaginoscopy and examination under anesthesia. Repair and outcome was noted. Patients presented with genitourinary fistulae other than VVF were excluded from the study. Most of the patients were young women of childbearing age. The causative factor of VVF in 27 [84.3%] out of 32[100%] patients was obstetrical trauma. Surgical repair proved to be successful through transabdominal route in all 24 [100%] cases of VVF and in 4 [80%] out of 5 [100%] cases through transvaginal route. Repair failed in the 2[100%] attempted through abdominovaginal route and 1[100%] through endoscopic fulguration. To describe an overall result, 28 [87.5%] vesicovaginal fistulae were successfully repaired at first attempt. Obstetrical trauma was the commonest cause of VVF in this series. Transabdominal repair was the most successful method of repair in this series. Despite the good results of surgical repair, attempt should be focused on the prevention of VVF