ABSTRACT
Objective@#After Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) prescription rate dropped by 16% in Korea. We investigated the relationship between the type of HRT and incidence of breast cancer (BC) in postmenopausal women in Korea.Material & Methods: We compared the prevalence of BC in 356,160 women on HRT, who reached menopause between 2004 and 2007. We divided the type and duration of HRT into three categories, i.e., estrogen-progestogen therapy (EPT), estrogen-only therapy (ET), tibolone, and 1– 3 years, 3–5 years, and ＞5 years, respectively. @*Results@#Regarding the type of HRT among all age groups, BC risk (BCR) was lower in the tibolone group (P＜0.01). Based on age group, BCR was lower in the 50–59 years group using EPT (P=0.03) and tibolone (P＜0.01). HRT administration for ＜3 years showed a significant decrease in the tibolone group (P=0.04) and an increase in the ET group (P=0.03). In groups undergoing HRT for ＞5 years, BCR in all groups decreased (P＜0.05). @*Conclusions@#The results suggest that tibolone reduces the risk of BC in women aged ≥50 years and HRT use for ≥5 years was related to significantly decreased BCR in Korea.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#This study compared serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in endometriotic cysts (ECs) with those in non-ECs and analyzed changes thereof after single-port laparoscopic (SPL) ovarian cyst enucleation using vasopressin injection. @*Methods@#In total, 180 patients (EC group, n = 112; non-EC group, n = 68) who underwent SPL ovarian cyst enucleation were retrospectively reviewed. Their AMH levels were checked preoperatively, on postoperative day 10 (POD10), and on postoperative month 3 (POM3). Changes in AMH levels were analyzed according to tumor type and vasopressin use. @*Results@#The median initial and postoperative serum AMH levels in the EC group were significantly lower than those in the nonEC group (preoperation: 2.0 vs 3.8 ng/mL, P < 0.001; POD10: 1.0 vs 3.2 ng/mL, P < 0.001; POM3: 1.2 vs 3.6 ng/mL, P < 0.001). The postoperative decrease in AMH levels was higher in the EC group than the non-EC group on POD10 (0.8 vs 0.5 ng/mL, P = 0.011) but not on POM3 (0.7 vs 0.5 ng/mL, P = 0.164). Vasopressin injection during EC enucleation had no significant effect on the decrease in AMH levels on POD10 (vasopressin group vs non-vasopressin group: 1.0 vs 0.8 ng/mL, P = 0.253) and POM3 (vasopressin group vs nonvasopressin group: 1.4 vs 1.1 ng/mL, P = 0.242). @*Conclusions@#AMH levels were lower at baseline and had higher decreasing rates after SPL surgery in the EC group relative to the nonEC group. Vasopressin injection might not protect the ovary from the postoperative decrease in AMH levels.