Expression of mRNA Transcripts of the Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- Exchanger Isoforms in Human Nasal Mucosa / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Electrolyte transport by nasal epithelia has been suggested to be important for controlling the quantity and composition of the nasal fluid and may play an important role in the development of nasal polyps. One of various mechanisms involving translocation of Na+ and Cl- across cell membranes includes electroneutral processes, such as Na+/H+ exchange (NHE) and Cl-/HCO3- exchange (AE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study evaluated the presence of mRNAs for various members of the human NHE and AE gene families in human inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The mRNA for NHE1 was detected in human turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp while the mRNAs for NHE2 and NHE3 could not be detected in all samples examined. Of the AE isoforms, AE2 mRNA was expressed in inferior turbinate mucosa but not in nasal polyp. In situ hybridization revealed that NHE1 mRNA in the turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp was localized in the epithelial layer and submucosal glands. AE2 mRNA was also expressed in the epithelial layer and in the submucosal glands of inferior turbinate mucosa. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the expression of AE2 mRNA is altered in nasal polyp, compared with inferior turbinate mucosa, suggesting that the altered expression of these genes in nasal polyp may cause impaired electrolyte and water transport across the epithelial cells.

Expression of Midkine mRNA in Human Nasal Mucosa / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A heparin-binding polypeptide called midkine is a family of secreted growth/differentiation cytokines and has a role in tumor growth by enhancing endothelial proliferation, vascular density and angiogenesis. In this respect, midkine may be involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the expression of midkine mRNA in the human nasal mucosa and polyps. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The total RNA was isolated from freshly disected inferior turbinate of patients who underwent rhinoplasty and from nasal polyps of chronic rhinosinusitis patients. The expression and distribution of midkine mRNA was investigated by reverse transcriptse- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. The midkine mRNA expression in nasal mucosa and polyps were semi-quantitatively evaluated by Southern blot hybridization. RESULTS: The expression of midkine mRNA was identified in both normal inferior turbinate and nasal polyp. Histochemistry of in situ hybridization revealed that midkine mRNA in normal inferior turbinate was intensely expressed in the surface epithelium, submucosal glands, vascular endothelium, and inflammatory cells scattered in submucosal tissues. Midkine mRNA was expressed in the nasal polyps, many inflammatory cells and newly formed vascular endothelium, but not in the newly formed glandular epithelium. In semi-quantitative southern blot hybridization, midkine mRNAs did not have different expression levels between inferior turbinate and nasal polyps. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that midkine mRNA is innately expressed in human nasal mucosa, playing a role in nasal physiology. Also, the results show that midkine may be involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps via angiogenesis, tissue growth, and inflammatory process.

Treatment Results of Laser Cordectomy and Radiation Therapy for Early Glottic Cancer / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Early glottic cancer can be effectively treated with conservation laryngeal surgery, radiation therapy, and endoscopic laser surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical results between laser cordectomy and radiation therapy for early glottic cancer and to evaluate the role of laser cordectomy. MATERIALS AND METHOD: From 1988 to 1998, 89 patients with T1-T2/N0 glottic cancer were treated initially with radiation therapy or laser cordectomy. There were 67 T1 and 22 T2 tumors. Fifty-two patients were treated by radiation therapy (RT), and thirty-seven patients were treated by endoscopic laser cordectomy. The method of primary treatment, local control rate, survival rate and larynx preservation were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: With the median follow-up period of 48.2 months, the local control rates in laser cordectomy and radiation therapy were 88.9%, 89.7% for T1, and 90.0% and 61.5% for T2 tumors, respectively. The 3-year survival rate was 88.9% and 87.2% for T1 and 80.0% and 61.5% for T2. Larynx preservation rate was 83.4% in T1 and 70.0% in T2 patients. These results of laser cordectomy were superior to those treated by radiation therapy. CONCLUSION: In T1b glottic cancer, radiation therapy gave better results than laser cordectomy, whereas for T2 glottic cancer, laser cordectomy was superior to radiation therapy in initial control of tumor. Compared with radiation therapy, laser cordectomy afforded a greater likelihood of larynx preservation and more options for further treatment in case of failure. We conclude that the laser cordectomy is a good surgical alternative for properly selected early glottic cancer.

The Effect of Interleukin 1-beta, Platelet Derived Growth Factor-BB and Transforming Growth Factor-betaon the expression of PDLs17 mRNA in the Cultured Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts / 대한치주과학회지

The molecular mechanisms control the function of PDL(periodontal ligament) cells and/or fibroblasts remain unclear. PDLs17, PDL-specific gene, had previousely identified the cDNA for a novel protein from cultured PDL fibroblasts using subtraction hybridization between gingival fibroblasts and PDL fibroblasts. The purpose of this study was to determine the regulation by growth factors and cytokines on PDLs17 gene expression in cultured human periodontal ligament cells and observe the immunohistochemical localization of PDLs17 protein in various tissues of mouse. Primary PDL fibroblasts isolated by scraping the root of the extracted human mandibular third molars. The cells were incubated with various concentration of human recombinant IL-1beta, PDGF-BB and TGF betafor 48h and 2 weeks. At each time point total RNA was extracted and the levels of transcription were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR assay). Polyclonal antiserum raised against PDLs17 peptides, CLSVSYNRSYQINE and SEAVHETDLHDGC, were made, and stained the tooth, periodontium, developing bone, bone marrow and mid-palatal suture of the mouse. The results were as follows. 1. PDLs17 mRNA levels were increased in response to PDGF (10ng/ml) and TGF beta(20ng/ml) after treatment of the IL-1beta, PDGF-BB and TGFbetafor 48 h. 2. PDLs17 was up-regulated only by TGFbeta(20 ng/ml) after treatment of the IL-1beta, PDGF-BB and TGF betafor 2 weeks and unchanged by the other stimulants. 3. PDLs17 was a novel protein coding the 142 amino acid peptides in the ORF and the nucleotide sequences of the obtained cDNA from RT-PCR was exactly same as the nucleotides of the database. 4. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that PDLs17 is preferentially expressed in the PDL, differentiating osteoblast-like cells and stromal cells of the bone marrow in the adult mouse. 5. The expression of PDLs17 protein was barely detectable in gingival fibroblasts, hematopoetic cells of the bone marrow and mature osteocytes of the alveolar bone. These results suggest that PDLs17 might upregulated by PDGF-BB or TGFbetaand acts at the initial stage of differentiation when the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the bone marrow and PDL differentiate into multiple cell types. However, more research needs to be performed to gain a better understanding of the exact function of PDLs17 during the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal and PDL cells.

The Inhibitory Effect of Metronidazole and Doxycycline-HCl on proMMP-3 Production in Gingival Fibroblast / 대한치주과학회지

No abstract available.

Immunohistochemical Study of the Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein(BMP-7) Following Regenerative Periodontal Surgery / 대한치주과학회지

Extracellular matrix component is degraded by enzymes of thematrix metalloproteinases(MMPs). MMPs are produced by both hemopoietic and structural cells. Increased activity of MMP-3 in periodontium is strongly associated with inflammatory periodontal disease. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the effect of BMP-7 on regeneration of periodontium. The optical density was measured by microwell plate reader at 450 nm.The difference of the optical density and the relative activity ofMMP-3 according to the concentration were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA. The results were as follows: 1.Tetracycline-HCl showed the tendency to inhibit the activity of MMP-3 at the concentration lower than 25microgram/ml. 2.Doxycycline-HCl inhibited significantly the activity of MMP-3 at the concentration lower than 100microgram/ml. 3.Minocycline-HCl inhibited the activity of MMP-3 at the concentration in the range of 10 to 200microgram/ml. Within the limit of the present study, the above results suggested that bone morphogenetic protein-7 may play a important role in development of periodontium.