ABSTRACT
Ayapana triplinervis (Asteraceae) é uma erva medicinal da Amazônia conhecida como "Japana branca" e "Japana roxa" utilizada como tônico, digestivo, antidiarréico dentre outros. Objetivou-se caracterizar neste estudo a morfoanatomia caulinar e foliar de A. triplinervis, para corroborar se esta espécie apresenta morfotipos, além de fornecer dados para sua identificação. Amostras foram coletadas no Horto de Plantas Medicinais da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia e Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, analisadas morfologicamente e segundo técnicas usuais em anatomia vegetal. O caule é cilíndrico branco ou roxo, com epiderme unisseriada persistente e endoderme com bainha amilífera e estrias de Caspary. As folhas são simples, opostas, triplinervadas, com base atenuada ou decorrente. Possuem estômatos anomocíticos, cera em placas ou granular, glândulas peroladas, mesofilo dorsiventral com feixes colaterais e ductos secretores. A. triplinervis apresentou caracteres morfoanatômicos diferentes entre os tipos branca e roxa, o que possibilita a distinção dos dois morfotipos.
Ayapanatriplinervis (Asteraceae), also known as "Japana branca" and "Japana roxa" in Brazil, is a medicinal herb from the Amazon used as tonic, digestive, antidiarrheal, among others. This study aimed to characterize the morphoanatomy of the aerial vegetative axis of A. triplinervis to corroborate that this species has morphotypes, in order to provide data for their identification. Samples were collected in the Garden of Medicinal Plants of the Federal Rural University of Amazônia and Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, and they were analyzed morphologically and by the standardtechniques of plant anatomy. The stem is cylindrical, white or purple, with uniseriate epidermis, trichomes and endoderm with starch sheath and Casparian strips. The leaves are simple, opposite, with attenuate or arising basis; they have anomocytic stomata, epicuticular wax plates or granules, pearl glands, dorsiventral mesophyll with collateral vascular bundles and secretory ducts. Ayapana triplinervis showed different morphoanatomical features betweenthe white and purple types, which enablesthe distinction between the two morphotypes.
Subject(s)
Asteraceae/anatomy & histology , Plants, Medicinal/anatomy & histology , Plant Components, Aerial/metabolismABSTRACT
Há muitos anos, tenta-se implantar a fitoterapia no município de Maringá, o que só foi possível em 2000, com a criação de uma comissão específica, definição das plantas segundo critérios epidemiológicos, literatura disponível e adoção do formato de farmácia de manipulação. Foram padronizados os fitoterápicos nas formas de infusão (espinheira-santa, guaco, cavalinha, hortelã e funcho), gel (própolis e calêndula) e em cápsulas gelatinosas duras (valeriana). Encontrou-se problemas com fornecedores, com diversos lotes insatisfatórios quanto à qualidade, mas ao longo do tempo o programa foi muito bem aceito. Nestes três anos de funcionamento, já foram dispensados mais de 50.000 unidades de produtos, com destaque à aceitação e eficácia da valeriana como ansiolitico, dos géis de própolis e calendula como antimicrobiano e cicatrizante, da espinheirasanta em gastrites e úlceras e do guaco como broncodilator e expectorante. Confirma-se, assim, o valor da fitoterapia no apoio às atividades básicas de saúde.
There are many years, it tries to implant the phytotherapy in the municipal district of Maringá. That implantation was only possible in 2000, with the creation of specific commission, definition of the plants according to epidemic criteria and available literature, and adoption of the format of manipulation drugstore. We have standardized the phytotherapics in the infusion forms (espinheira-santa, guaco, cavalinha, mint and fennel), gel (própolis and calendula) and in hard gelatinous capsules (valerian). There were problems with suppliers, with several unsatisfactory lots as for the quality, but along the time the program was very well accepted. On these three years of operation, there were already released more than 50.000 units of products, with prominence to the acceptance and effectiveness of the valerian as ansiolitic, two gels of propolis and calendula as antimicrobial and healing, of the espinheirasanta in gastritis and ulcers and of the guaco as broncodilator and expectorant. It is confirmed, like this, the value of the phytotherapy in the support to the basic activities of health.
ABSTRACT
In the present study, we have tried to establish continuous cultures of fresh clinical isolates of P. falciparum by using a serum-free medium, GIT. To examine the ability of GIT to support the parasite growth, the growth of various P. falciparum isolates including two laboratory strains of P. falciparum, FCR3 and K1 was compared in both of GIT and RPMI 1640 medium supplemented by 10% human serum (RPMI-HS). Growth rates of various P. falciparum expressed as fold increases were compared in GIT and RPMI-HS, and the maximum growth rates of P. falciparum were 72 in GIT and 35 in RPMI-HS during the culture for 8 days. Growth rate of the clinical isolates varied individually in both culture media, with average growth rates of parasites being 15.9 in GIT and 8.8 in RPMI-HS, respectively (not significant). Growth rates of FCR3 and K1 strains were 28.0 and 6.6 in GIT, and 10 and 7.5 in RPMI-HS. After 30 days culture of P. falciparum in GIT, 9 of 12 clinical isolates still continuously propagated but other three isolates disappeared. Despite variation of the P. falciparum isolates in their abilities to multiply in GIT, our experiments suggested that GIT is useful for culture of fresh clinical isolates of P. falciparum that are derived from geographically distinct areas as well as laboratory strains used commonly in laboratory research.