Parathyroid Carcinoma: Analysis of patient characteristics and outcomes in a retrospective review of eight cases seen in a single center / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

@#Eight cases of parathyroid carcinoma were identified (8 females; median age 45 years, range 28-72). Half of whom were diagnosed preoperatively. Hypercalcemic symptoms were seen in 87.5% of the patients and the main complication was nephrolithiasis. At presentation, the median calcium was 3.675 mmol/L, median phosphate of 0.68 mmol/L, median intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was 211 pmol/L. Five patients had regional nodes metastasis and 1 had distant metastasis to the lungs. Parathyroid gland invasion to adjacent structures was seen in 62.5% of cases while another 62.5% showed capsular or vascular infiltration on histology with median tumour size of 3.2 cm. Recurrent hypercalcemia occurred in 50% of the patients with median time of recurrence of 21 months. In this case series, we found that patients with severe hypercalcemia and high iPTH also exhibited a high index suspicion of PC.

Metastatic Bone Disease Secondary to Bronchial Adenocarcinomain a patient with Paget’s Disease of the Bone / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

@#A 69-year-old female complained of intermittent left hip pain for the past 3 years. Biochemical tests revealed normal serum calcium and phosphorus with markedly raised alkaline phosphatase. MRI of the hip revealed extensive marrow signal abnormalities at the left pelvic bone, while CT of the thorax revealed a spiculated lung nodule at the left lower lung lobe. In order to diagnose either primary, metastatic bone tumour or Paget’s disease of the bone (PDB), an open biopsy of the left iliac bone was performed. The histopathology of bone biopsy of the left iliac bone was consistent with PDB. A CT guided biopsy of the lung mass done later revealed adenocarcinoma of the lung. She had 18F-FDG PET-CECT Scan for staging evaluation and result was suggestive of new bony metastases. Patient was started on IV Zoledronic acid for treatment of the PDB. In view of the stage 4 lung adenocarcinoma with bony metastases, patient was scheduled for palliative chemotherapy.

The effect of individualised Glycemic intervention on Wound Healing Rate in Diabetic Foot Ulcer (The EIGIFU Study) / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

Objective@#To evaluate the association of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction and wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU).@*Methodology@#A 12-week prospective, non-controlled, interventional study in suboptimal-controlled T2DM patients with DFU was conducted. Antidiabetic medications were adjusted with the aim of at least 1% in relation to patient’s individualised HbA1c target. The wound area was determined by using specific wound tracing. The daily wound area healing rate in cm2 per day was calculated as the difference between wound area at first visit and the subsequent visit divided by the number of days between the two visits.@*Results@#19 patients were included in the study. There was a significant HbA1c reduction from 10.33 %+1.83% to 6.89%+1.4% (p<0.001) with no severe hypoglycaemia. The median daily wound area healing rate was 0.234 (0.025,0.453) cm2/day. There was a strong positive correlation between these two variables (r=0.752,p=0.01). After dividing the patients into four quartiles based on final HbA1c and comparing the first quartile vs fourth quartile, there was a significant difference in daily wound area healing rates (0.597 vs 0.044 cm2/day,p=0.012).@*Conclusion@#There was a positive correlation between HbA1c reduction and wound healing rate in patients with DFU. Although this is an association study, the study postulated the benefits of achieving lower HbA1c on wound healing rate in DFU which require evidence from future randomised controlled studies.

Microvascular and macrovascular complications in young-onset type 2 diabetes in a tertiary health institution in Malaysia in comparison with type 1 diabetes patients / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> To compare the rate of diabetes complications in young-onset type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients and to examine the relationship between diabetes complications with clinical and metabolic parameters.<br /><strong>METHODOLOGY:</strong> This is a retrospective,comparative study based on electronic medical records review. Young-onset T2DM patients defined as those with disease onset before the age of 40 and T1DM patients were included. Data was collected on demographic and clinical parameters, cardiovascular risks factors, macrovascular and microvascular complications.<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> There were 194 young-onset T2DM and 45 T1DM subjects. Despite similar glycemic profile, more subjects in the T2DM group hadunfavourable cardiovascular risk factors and developedmacro- or microvascular complications than the T1DM group (22 vs. 0%, p< 0.001for macrovascular, 68 vs. 40%, p< 0.001 for microvascular). Afteradjustment ofthe confounders, young-onset T2DM remained an independent predictor for both macrovascular and microvascular complications in the overall cohort (HR= 2.635, p= 0.022).<br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Young-onset T2DM appeared to be a more aggressive disease compared to T1DM. An aggressive approach should be adopted in treating young-onset T2DM to optimise the cardiovascular risk factors and glycemic control to prevent premature mortality and morbidity.</p>