ABSTRACT
Hypophysitis is classified into primary and secondary. Xanthomatous hypophysitis is one of the rare types of primary hypophysitis. A 55-year-old female presented with headache, vomiting, and blurring of vision. She also had endocrine dysfunction in the form of low serum T3, T4, and low cortisol levels. MRI scan showed a sellar expansile lesion suggestive of pituitary macroadenoma. Microscopy showed pituitary tissue replaced by inflammatory infiltrate made up of foamy histiocytes arranged in sheets along with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Interspersed areas of fibrosis, hyalinization, few congested and sclerosed blood vessels were seen. Compressed residual pituitary tissue was identified at the periphery. Xanthomatous hypophysitis is a rare entity which can mimic as pituitary adenoma both clinically and radiologically. Accurate diagnosis at an early stage with postsurgical steroid therapy may help to prevent permanent pituitary damage.
ABSTRACT
Background: Loss of heterozygosity of p53 along with aneuploidy is deemed to be the early molecular steps in Barrett metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence. Objective biomarkers need to be used along with microscopy for risk stratification to predict the progression of Barrett esophagus (BE) to carcinoma. Aim: This study aims to study p53 protein expression in dysplasia and correlate the same with morphology in BE. Materials and Methods: A time-bound study was conducted from January 2011 to June 2015. All esophageal biopsies showing histological evidence of columnar epithelium with the presence of goblet cells were included. The cases which showed dysplasia were graded on hematoxylin and eosin stain. Evaluation of p53 immunohistochemistry staining was done on all the cases of BE. Dysplasia was correlated with the expression of p53 using Chi-square value (χ2) and Fischer's exact test wherever appropriate. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Of 829 esophageal biopsies received, 119 were endoscopically suspected to be BE, of which 85 cases were confirmed on microscopy. In our study, there were 75 cases negative for dysplasia (88.2%), 8 with low-grade dysplasia (LGD) (9.4%), and two with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) (2.4%). Three cases of BE had associated adenocarcinoma. Immunostaining with p53 done on all the 85 cases showed positive staining in all cases with LGD, one with HGD and two with adenocarcinoma. In the present study, immunostaining with p53 showed 90% sensitivity, 89.3% specificity, positive predictive value of 52.9%, and negative predictive value of 98.5%. Conclusion: The technical simplicity, easy availability, and comparatively lower cost enhance the role of p53 as a biomarker in risk stratification for patients with BE.
ABSTRACT
A 34years old female who was a known case of multiple myeloma presented with a mass in the right breast. Clinically a differential diagnosis of breast carcinoma or secondary involvement by multiple myeloma was considered. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) of the mass was performed which showed dispersed population of plasma cells with eccentrically placed nuclei, abundant cytoplasm and the characteristic paranuclear hof.
Subject(s)
Adult , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Plasmacytoma/pathologyABSTRACT
Multiorgan neoplasms are encountered frequently in patients with neurofibromatosis, which is a genetic disorder. Though skeletal abnormalities are common in these patients, the occurrence of primary bone sarcomas is very rare. We hereby report a case of post-radiation malignant fibrous-histiocytoma of bone developing in an elderly patient with neurofibromatosis.
Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/etiology , Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/etiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neurofibromatoses/complicationsSubject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , India , Leiomyoma/pathology , Lipoma/pathology , Middle Aged , Uterine Neoplasms/pathology , Uterus/pathologyABSTRACT
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is an unusual brain tumour of children with a favourable prognosis. The tumour takes origin from subpial astrocytes of the cerebral cortex. Histologically proliferation of spindle cells, mono and multinucleated giant cells containing lipid droplets and the absence of necrosis are distinctive features. Herein we report the morphological and immunophenotypical features of a case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.
Subject(s)
Astrocytoma/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Child, Preschool , Female , HumansABSTRACT
Three cases of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of the lower extremity are described. All the three patients were young and gave a history of swelling of 1-5 years duration. Histologically, the lesions were characterised by the presence of large blood filled spaces lacking endothelial lining, being surrounded and lined by sheets of proliferating histiocytes, many of which contained haemosiderin pigment.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/diagnosis , Humans , Male , ThighABSTRACT
Three cases of rhinoentomophthoromycosis involving the nasal region are presented diagnosis in the first two cases was made on surgical biopsy and in the third case by fine needle aspiration biopsy. A granulomatous inflammatory reaction was seen in tissue around hollow broad hyphae of the fungus. The hyphal strands were surrounded by eosinophilic deposits Splendore--Hoeppli phenomenon.