ABSTRACT
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors associated with pain catastrophizing in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: A total of 104 volunteered women with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus participated in the study. Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Body Awareness Questionnaire, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, and Beck Depression Inventory were used to assess patients. Correlations between pain catastrophizing (dependent variable) and independent variables (age, body mass index, disease activity, organ damage, depression, kinesiophobia, and body awareness) were analyzed with Pearson's rho correlation analysis. The multiple stepwise linear regression models with R2 were used to compare across the models and explain the total variance. The significance level of a p-value was considered significant if p≤0.05. RESULTS: There were no correlations between Pain Catastrophizing Scale and age, Beck Depression Inventory, disease activity, and organ damage (p>0.05). Pain Catastrophizing Scale was correlated with Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (r=0.585; p<0.001), Beck Depression Inventory (r=0.511; p<0.001), and Body Awareness Questionnaire (r=0.277; p<0.005). The regression analysis showed that the predictor factors of pain catastrophizing in women with systemic lupus erythematosus were TSK (B 0.411; p<0.001), Beck Depression Inventory (B 0.363; p<0.001), Body Awareness Questionnaire (B 0.273; p<0.001), and body mass index (B -0.169; p=0.02) (Nagelkerke R2=0.52). CONCLUSIONS: As a result, the most related factors on pain catastrophizing were kinesiophobia, depression, body awareness, and body mass index in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. We suggest assessing these parameters as predictive of pain catastrophizing throughout systemic lupus erythematosus management.
ABSTRACT
Skin prick testing (SPT) is widely used in the assessment of allergic disorders. Different SPT techniques are widely used. The aim of this study was to compare the response to SPT using a multiple lancet device (MLD) with the results of a single lancet (SL). Fifty patients with allergic rhinitis were included in this study. Initially, SPT was performed by a SL technique. After one week SPT was repeated using the MLD on all patients. The patients were tested with a panel containing 19 specific allergens including grass pollen, tree pollen, house dust mites, weed pollen allergen extracts, histamine and a negative control. The skin responses were recorded after 15 minutes for each device by measuring the diameter of the wheal and the erythema. The skin wheal responses for grass pollen, tree pollen, weed pollen and house dust mite allergen extracts obtained using the SL were generally significantly larger than those using the MLD. The comparison between the MLD and the SL methods revealed that SPT was positive with SL and negative with MLD in 176 tests (15.3%), and on the contrary SPT was positive with MLD and negative with SL in only 13 tests (1%). In conclusion, we claim that SPT using SL shows a higher degree of sensitivity and reproducibility.