Factors associated with neurocognitive impairment in treatment experienced HIV+ Adults: A perspective from a Tertiary Care Center in Ethiopia: factors associated with HAND in Ethiopia

Background: Given the improvement in life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa, the risk of asymptomatic HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) has increased. The study objectives were to investigate the prevalence of HAND and associated factors among treatment experienced adults in Ethiopia. Methods: A single-center observational cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2019 and June2020 to investigate HAND. International HIV dementia scale (IHDS) was used to screen for the disorder. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Total of 324 PLWH (63% females) who were on combination antiretroviral therapy for median of 144months (IQR: 108-168) were investigated. The mean age was 42.5 years (1SD=12.2). The prevalence of HAND was 75.3% and the difference was significantly more in those above 40 years of age (65.8% vs. 80.7%, p=0.003). Age is the only risk factor identified with multivariable logistic regression analysis. A linear decrement in the total score of cognitive performance was observed as the patient's age increase; age was responsible for 9.4% variation observed in IHDS score (r= -0.31, R2=0.094, p<0.0001). Although statistically not-significant, the trend for cardio-metabolic and behavioral risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol and khat use) was higher in the group diagnosed with HAND. Conclusion: The occurrence of neurocognitive impairment was more pronounced in individuals aged 40 years and above who were HIV positive, compared to those below 40 years. Age was found to be an independent predictor of HAND. Cardiovascular and behavioral risk factors were observed more among patients with HAND compared to no-HAND

Mucocutaneous manifestations of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Background: Cutaneous mucormycosis has shown a significant upsurge during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the rapid progression and high mortality of cutaneous mucormycosis in this context, it is important to identify it early. However, very few studies report detailed clinical descriptions of cutaneous mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients. Objectives: To describe mucocutaneous lesions of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis based on clinical morphology and attempt to correlate them with radiological changes. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre from 1st April to 31st July 2021. Eligibility criteria included hospitalised adult patients of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis with mucocutaneous lesions. Results: All subjects were recently recovering COVID-19 patients diagnosed with cutaneous mucormycosis. One of fifty-three (2%) patients had primary cutaneous mucormycosis, and all of the rest had secondary cutaneous mucormycosis. Secondary cutaneous mucormycosis lesions presented as cutaneous-abscess in 25/52 (48%), nodulo-pustular lesions in 1/52 (2%), necrotic eschar in 1/52 (2%) and ulcero-necrotic in 1/52 (2%). Mucosal lesions were of three broad sub-types: ulcero-necrotic in 1/52 (2%), pustular in 2/52 (4%) and plaques in 1/52 (2%). Twenty out of fifty-two patients (38%) presented with simultaneous mucosal and cutaneous lesions belonging to the above categories. Magnetic resonance imaging of the face showed variable features of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue involvement, viz. peripherally enhancing collection in the abscess group, “dot in circle sign” and heterogeneous contrast enhancement in the nodulo-pustular group; and fat stranding with infiltration of subcutaneous tissue in cases with necrotic eschar and ulcero-necrotic lesions. Limitations: The morphological variety of cutaneous mucormycosis patients in a single-centre study like ours might not be very precise. Thus, there is a need to conduct multi-centric prospective studies with larger sample sizes in the future to substantiate our morphological and radiological findings. Conclusions: COVID-19-associated mucormycosis patients in our study presented with a few specific types of mucocutaneous manifestations, with distinct magnetic resonance imaging findings. If corroborated by larger studies, these observations would be helpful in the early diagnosis of this serious illness.

Homologous Assay Development for Detection of Dexamethasone using HRP as Label Enzyme

Background: Dexamethasone is a synthetic corticosteroid similar to cortisol produced naturally by the adrenal glands. As an anti- inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent, it is used in many diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and allergic anaphylactic shock, and its suppression test to diagnose Cushing's syndrome. Its further use includes its administration before antibiotics in bacterial meningitis, antitumor treatment, for treatment of glucocorticoid resistance, Addison抯 disease, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The drug is abused by using it in animal husbandry as a growth promoter and in horse sports to enhance their performance. Methods: In this study, the development of homologous ELISA using Dexamethasone-21-hemisuccinate (DEX-21-HS)-Bovine serum albumin antiserum and Dexamethasone-21-hemisuccinate (DEX-21-HS)-Horseradish peroxidase enzyme conjugate has been done. The n-hydroxysuccinimide ester method was used to prepare the immunogen and enzyme conjugate. Results: The sensitivity 0.25 ng/mL, affinity 2.8x10-8 L/mol and ED50 4.98 ng/mL of the assay were found. The cross-reactivity of the assay was checked and found with three steroids (Corticosterone- 1.13%, Progesterone- 2.25% and Prednisolone- 6.3%) out of 48 structurally related steroids. Then, analytical variables of the developed assay were studied, such as recovery (98.55% to 105.08%), precision (Inter and Intra- assay coefficient of variation <9.28%), correlation (R2= 0.98) by utilizing a commercially available Dexamethasone kit for comparison. Conclusion: This study concluded that low-cost indigenous ELISA for Dexamethasone had been developed, which can give results within 75-80 minutes.

THE EVOLUTION OF CYBERSECURITY: ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEGAL FRAMEWORKS IN THE FACE OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND TRANSNATIONAL CYBER ATTACKS

This research article aims to examine the impact of emerging technologies on cybersecurity and evaluate the effectiveness of legal frameworks in addressing transnational cyber-attacks. With the rapid advancement of technology, cyber threats have become more sophisticated and interconnected, requiring robust legal measures to combat them. With the emergence of new technologies, the threat landscape for cyber security has also evolved. The continuous development of new technologies like (A.I) artificial intelligence, (I.O.T) Internet of Things & cloud computing has led to a rapid increase in cyber-attacks and has made it even more challenging for organizations to protect their assets. This study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The qualitative aspect involves an analysis of existing literature, case studies, and legal frameworks, while the quantitative component includes surveys and interviews with cybersecurity professionals and legal experts. By integrating these methods, this research aims to provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of current legal measures in mitigating transnational cyber-attacks and propose strategies to enhance cybersecurity in the face of emerging technologies.

Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease: A rare cause of cervical lymphadenopathy

Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD), also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a rare and generally self-limiting disease of uncertain etiology that presents with fever and cervical lymphadenopathy in both the pediatric and adult populations. Here, we present the case of a 5-year-old male who presented with acute onset of fever and cervical lymphadenopathy which was initially diagnosed and managed as staphylococcal lymphadenitis. He underwent an excisional biopsy when symptoms persisted, which confirmed the diagnosis of KFD and was managed conservatively. This case study emphasizes awareness of this entity in the differential diagnosis of fever with persistent lymphadenopathy. Due to its characteristic overlap with other disorders such as tuberculous lymphadenitis, and lymphoma, KFD remains an arduous diagnosis for physicians. Therefore, awareness about its symptoms helps in minimizing potentially harmful unnecessary evaluations and thereby preventing misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.

Outcomes of accelerated collagen cross linking in progressive paediatric keratoconus

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of pediatric accelerated cross linking (CXL). Methods: A prospective study on progressive keratoconus (KC) cases under ?18 years of age. Sixty four eyes of thirty nine cases underwent epithelium?off accelerated CXL protocol. Visual acuity (VA), slit?lamp examination, refraction, pentacam reading of keratometry (K), corneal thickness, and thinnest location pachymetry were noted. Cases were followed up on days 1, 5, and at 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th?month post procedure. Results: Statistically, significant improvement of the mean aided VA, K, and mean corneal astigmatism (p < 0.0001) was noted. Mean Kmax reading reduced from 55.5 ± 5.64 (47.4–70.4) diopter (D) preoperatively to 54.41 ± 5.51 (46–68.3) D at 12 months postaccelerated CXL. Two cases had progression. Complications encountered were sterile infiltrate and persistent haze. Conclusion: Accelerated CXL is effective and efficacious in pediatric KC.

Trisomy 5:A Rare Isolated Finding in Pediatric B-lymphoblastic Leukemia

Background and Objectives: In acute leukemia, all diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols are based on cytogenetic and molecular geneticfindings. Despite recent advances in molecular biology, cytogenetic studies still play a pivotal role in the sub-classification of B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). B-ALL is characterized by clonal cytogenetic abnormalities with numerical chromosomal aberrations being more common. An extra copy of chromosome 5 is common to see in cases with hyper diploidy. However, a gain of chromosome 5 as a sole anomaly is exceptionally rare in B-ALL. To date, trisomy 5 as a sole abnormality is reported in few cases only. We aimed to report the clinicopathologic profile of this rare finding to increase knowledge and highlight the disease course of these patients.Methods: We report a case of a 14-year boy presented with fever, lethargy and episodes of nasal bleeding for two weeks. He was admitted to the pediatric oncology unit at Indus hospital and health network, Karachi. Flowcytometry performed on peripheral blood using 8-color flowcytometry. Conventional karyotyping was performed by GTG banding. FISH panel was comprisedof dual color dual fusion probes for BCR::ABL1and ETV6::RUNX1whereas break apart probe for KMT2A (Metasystem, Germany).Digital image analysis for karyotyping and FISH was done on Leica Biosystems, Cytovision MB8.Results:Flowcytometry results were consistent with B-ALL. Cytogenetic analysis on his bone marrow aspirate revealed trisomy 5 as a sole abnormality with no evidence of any other clonal cytogenetic abnormality. FISH studies for BCR::ABL1, ETV6::RUNX1and KMT2Ashowed no evidence of gene rearrangements.Conclusion:Trisomy 5 is a very rare cytogenetic aberration. Only few cases reported in children. Inferior outcome is reported in both children and adults. The increasing number of reported cases raises the possibility of a distinct cytogenetic entity. Its prognostic and therapeutic implications are yet to be explored.

A rare diagnosis has no certainty, but still they occur: A case report

Pain and swelling are among the most frequently encountered complaints in an orthopedics outpatient department (OPD) relatively less common in a pediatric OPD. A high level of suspicion is required to diagnose bone diseases. Common conditions such as rickets, septic arthritis, and tuberculosis must be ruled out. Treatment such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or steroids may mask an underlying serious condition in which if left untreated can cause significant morbidity and mortality to the person. Here, we discuss a case of a young infant 11 months of age who had symptoms suggestive of septic arthritis and was later found to have Brodie’s abscess which is a type of subacute osteomyelitis on further evaluation which is usually mistaken as a tumor. This age at presentation is rare.

Recurrent dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the breast: A case report and review of literature

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare and low-grade sarcoma of fibroblast origin with a tendency to invade and recur locally. The most common sites of origin of DFSP are the head, neck, and extremities. However, DFSP breast has also been reported. It infiltrates surrounding subcutaneous tissue and fascia, with an incidence of <2% for lung metastases. Surgery being the main modality of the treatment, literature has shown that radiation therapy also plays an important role to improve local control in case of recurrent tumors. In this article, we will be discussing one such rare case of DFSP in a recurrent setting and the role of radiation therapy.

SUBXIPHOID UNIPORTAL VATS THYMECTOMY IN CASES OF MYASTHENIA GRAVIS:SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE

Background: Thymectomy has been identified as Constructive and active strategy for patients with Myasthenia gravis and thymic masses which have been done classically by Open Sternotomy technique and nowadays new Minimally invasive approaches have also been introduced. In this paper , Subxiphoid Uniportal VATS(Video Assis Method : ted Thoracoscopic Surgery) Thymectomy through a single port technique by utilizing the Subxiphoid approach has been discussed. I have improvised my technique pertaining to the requirements and better recovery and better post operative outcome of the patient .This procedure is indicated for all anterior mediastinal masses and maybe extended to lung cancer.The patient was placed in supine position instead of classical lithotomy position .Carbon dioxide insufflation was not used which led to faster recovery after the surgery.After dissection and resection of thymus Bilateral pleural drain were placed which was removed usually on Post Operative day 4 or 5 and patients were discharged afterwards. Several benefits of this Results: approach were observed and documented including reduced postoperative pain, Early extubation, better post operative outcome, and better dissection . In the near future ,the Subxiphoid approach has the potential to become Conclusion: GOLD STANDARD for Thymectomy and various other conditions

Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor Therapy and Cardiac Remodeling in Heart Failure: Consensus Statement from India

Adverse cardiac remodeling refers to progressive structural and functional modifications in the heart because of increased wall stress in the myocardium, loss of viable myocardium, and neurohormonal stimulation. The guideline-directed medical therapy for Heart failure (HF) includes Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) (sacubitril/valsartan), ?-blockers, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA). ARNI is under-prescribed in India despite its attractive safety and efficacy profile. Therefore, the consensus discusses objectives and topics related to ARNI in the management of cardiac remodeling, and experts shared their views on the early timely intervention of effective dosage of ARNI to improve the diagnosis and enhance mortality and morbidity benefits in cardiac reverse remodeling (CRR).

Factors Predicting Difficulty in Insertion of Real?Time?Three?Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography Probe in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Background:Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe insertion may be associated with many complications. Demographic factors and airway conditions such as high Mallampati scores (MMC) and Cormack-Lehane grades (MCLG) are likely to have an impact on its ease of insertion. The primary aim of this study was to identify the predictive factors for difficult real-time-three-dimensional TEE probe insertion. Methods: A total of 153 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery were prospectively evaluated. The upper airway manipulations required for TEE probe placement were jaw thrust, reverse Sellick抯 maneuver, and laryngoscopy. All the patients who required airway manipulations were grouped under difficult TEE probe placement group. We evaluated the patients� predictive factors such as demographic characteristics and factors related to difficult intubation. Results: Out of 153 patients, 123 were males and 30 were females. Overall, 27.5% (n = 42) patients had difficulty in probe placement. About 31.7% (n = 39) males had difficulty in TEE probe placement against 13% (n = 4) females (P?value 0.045). Difficulty in TEE probe placement was found in 72.7% (n = 16) of obese patients (body mass index [BMI] > 30), compared to 18.6% (n = 17) in the patients with BMI less than 25 (P-value < 0.001). Probe insertion was significantly more difficult in the presence of MMC III and IV (50%, n = 18) compared to class I (19.2%, n = 10) (P?value 0.001) and MCLG III (73.3%, n = 22) compared to grade I (11.1%, n = 7) (P-value 0.001). Conclusion: Male gender, obesity, higher grades of MMC and MCLG were found to be the risk factors for difficult TEE probe placement in anesthetized patients.

Study of side effect profile of bedaquiline containing regimen among patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis at a nodal drug-resistant center

Background: Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) is a type of tuberculosis (TB) characterized by resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, along with resistance to one of the fluoroquinolones and at least one of the second line injectable drugs. Bedaquiline is a diarylquinoline antimycobacterial agent approved for the treatment of adults with pulmonary multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and XDR-TB by the food and drug administration. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to study the side effect profile of bedaquiline containing regimen among XDR TB patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at outpatient and wards of nodal drug-resistant TB Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, SVRRGGH, Tirupati, for a period of 1 year. Forty patients of more than 18 years age and diagnosed with XDR TB were included in the study. Bedaquiline was started and daily monitoring was done with ECG and all organ function tests were repeated every 15 days. Results: All 40 cases were retreatment cases; no new XDR TB case was reported in study period. Most common age group of presentation in our study was 46 to 55 years (32.5%). Gastrointestinal adverse drug reactions were found to be more common (37.5%), cardiovascular QTc changes were observed in 10% of patients, 5% of patients had neurological reactions (Headache), 2.5% of patients had peripheral neuropathy, and 2.5% of patients had arthralgia. Conclusions: Bedaquiline containing regimen is very effective for the treatment of XDR TB cases. The study shows that compliance with this regimen is very good. Bedaquiline has minimal adverse reactions and even these are easily manageable. Bedaquiline has good safety profile and patients have improved quality of life.

Role of Iron Therapy in Heart Failure: A Consensus Statement from India

Iron deficiency (ID) with or without anemia is frequently observed in patients with heart failure (HF). Uncorrected ID is associated with higher hospitalization and mortality in patients with acute HF (AHF) and chronic HF (CHF). Hence, in addition to chronic renal insufficiency, anemia, and diabetes, ID appears as a novel comorbidity and a treatment target of CHF. Intravenous (IV) ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) reduces the hospitalization risk due to HF worsening and improves functional capacity and quality of life (QOL) in HF patients. The current consensus document provides criteria, an expert opinion on the diagnosis of ID in HF, patient profiles for IV FCM, and correct administration and monitoring of such patients.

SURGICAL OUTCOME OF PERCUTANEOUS PIN FIXATION OF PROXIMAL THIRD FRACTURE OF ULNA IN MONTEGGIA FRACTURE DISLOCATION IN CHILDREN

Introduction: Monteggia fracture dislocation is a rare and severe injury of both paediatric and adult forearm and elbow.It was described for the first time by GIOVANNI BATTISTA MONTEGGIA in 1840,who reported two cases of fracture of the proximal third of ulna with conjoint ventral dislocation of the proximal radius. In 1967 JOSE LUIS BADO published a classification scheme of monteggia lesion based on the direction of the dislocation of radial head,this anatomical classification was suitable for both adults and children .Monteggia fracture dislocations constitute about 1% – 2% of all forearm fractures . Monteggia fractures remain challenging paediatric injuries because of difficulties in diagnosis , propensity for instability and complexity of late reconstruction. More than 50% of these fracture dislocation are misdiagnosed in children and leads to dysfunction of elbow joint. The fixation and stabilization of ulna fracture will automatically reduce the radial head dislocation. The aim of this study is to evaluate a group of paediatric patients with Monteggia lesion and its equivalents treated by percutaneous fixation of proximal third ulna fracture with k wire after reduction of fracture ulna and dislocated radio capitular joint under c-arm guidance. Materials and methods We treated 18 children of age ranging between 6 to 12 years with Monteggia fracture dislocation of the forearm with percutaneous fixation of the proximal third fracture of ulna with k wires after reduction of fracture and dislocated radio-capitular joint under C-arm control.The elbow is immobilized in fiexion with plaster of paris slab and bandage for a period of four weeks and mobilization of elbow is started after four weeks. By the end of 8 weeks K-wire removed. All fractures are fixed with in twenty four hours. The results Results : are good, there is no incidents of any stiffness. Range of movements of elbow and forearm are well preserved.The function of elbow and forearm are satisfactory.Conclusion:A good outcome after Monteggia injury in a child requires early diagnosis and prompt stable anatomical reduction of the ulna fracture and this can be achieved through stabilization of ulna by percutaneous intramedullary k wires.

A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Rights and Responsibilities of Nurses at a Selected Tertiary Care Hospital

.Health care system could not function efficiently, if nurses were not present to perform their part. Nurses do their work responsibly and passionately to serve the mankind and the needy ones. Sense of responsibility makes a person more accountable to their duty, while the knowledge of the rights gives personal security and confidence. It is essential for the nurses to be well aware of their rights and responsibilities to provide comprehensive care to the patients. A cross-sectional survey was carried out at AIIMS, New Delhi, to assess nurses'#39; knowledge regarding rights and responsibilities. Convenient sampling was used to select 210 samples from ICU, ward, OPD, OT and emergency department. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data. The study found that nurses had good knowledge regarding nurse'#39;s rights (mean score 27'plusmn;3.7). Similarly the nurses were well aware of their responsibilities with mean knowledge score of 15'plusmn;1.29. Knowledge regarding the rights of the nurses was significantly associated with age (p=0.034), educational qualification (p=0.018) and years of experience (p=0.003) whereas knowl- edge regarding the responsibility of the nurses was independent of socio-demographic variables; 65.7 percent of subjects had attended empowerment programmes. To conclude, nurses were well aware about their rights and responsibilities. Formal educational and empowerment programme are proved to be helpful in enhancing their knowledge. Therefore, the employers should plan an ongoing, appropriate empowerment programme for the nurses to keep them updated.

A rare presentation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae with splenic nodules

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen that can cause a wide spectrum of extrapulmonary manifestations with neurological manifestations being the most common. Here, we report a rare case of splenic nodules in a 7-year-old girl with M. pneumoniae infection which responded well to macrolides. M. pneumoniae infection should be considered in children with extrapulmonary manifestations including splenic lesions

Comparative analysis of various sources of selenium on the growth performance and antioxidant status in broilers under heat stress / Análise comparativa de várias fontes de selênio no desempenho de crescimento e status antioxidante em frangos de corte sob estresse térmico

The supplementation of Selenium-enriched probiotics is effective in reducing oxidative stress and maintaining meat quality stability in broiler chicken especially under heat stress. An experimental study was conducted to perform Comparative analysis of Selenium yeast with inorganic Se in broilers under heat stress. A total of 120 broilers chicks of one day were assigned to 4 groups each consisting 30 chicks fed on same basal diet but different selenium sources. The basal diet of group D1 was not supplemented with Se source (Negative control), group D2 basal diet was supplemented with inorganic selenium (Sodium selenite 0.22mg/Kg starter phase and 0.15mg/Kg finisher phase), group D3 basal diet was supplemented with commercially available organic selenium (Seleno-methionine 0.22mg/Kg starter phase and 0.15mg/Kg finisher phase) and group D4 basal diet was supplemented with self-developed organic selenium (Se-enriched yeast 0.22mg/Kg starter phase and 0.15mg/Kg finisher phase). The performance parameters i.e. feed intake (FI), live body weight (BW) and FCR were not significantly (p>0.05) effected by selenium supplementation in the starter phase but were significantly (p<0.05) effected in the finisher phase. Selenium supplementation significantly (p<0.05) effected serum Se level in different supplemented groups. Higher serum Se value (58.20±0.06) was recorded in D4 group. Similarly significantly lower selenium value was recorded for D4 and higher was recorded for D1 (11.36±0.08). However lower serum Paraoxonase (PON) value was recorded for D4 (13.24±0.01) and higher for D1 (13.33±0.03). Comparatively self-developed Se enriched yeast increased the Se accumulation and improved antioxidant system. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was found higher in D4 (12.333±0.03) followed by D3, D2 and D1 respectively. Whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower (p<0.05) in D4 (0.1437±0.003) followed by D3 (0.1457±0.002). Selenium supplementation increased the [...].

A suplementação de probióticos enriquecidos com selênio é eficaz na redução do estresse oxidativo e na manutenção da estabilidade da qualidade da carne em frangos de corte, especialmente sob estresse por calor. Um estudo experimental foi conduzido para realizar uma análise comparativa da levedura selênio com o Se inorgânico em frangos de corte sob estresse térmico. Um total de 120 pintos de um dia foi dividido em 4 grupos, cada um consistindo de 30 pintos alimentados com a mesma dieta basal, mas com diferentes fontes de selênio. A dieta basal do grupo D1 não foi suplementada com fonte de Se (controle negativo), a dieta basal do grupo D2 foi suplementada com selênio inorgânico (selenito de sódio 0,22 mg / kg fase inicial e 0,15 mg / kg fase finalizadora), a dieta basal do grupo D3 foi suplementada com selênio orgânico disponível comercialmente (fase inicial de seleno-metionina 0,22 mg / kg e fase finalizadora de 0,15 mg / kg) e a dieta basal do grupo D4 foi suplementada com selênio orgânico autodesenvolvido (fermento enriquecido com Se 0,22 mg / kg fase inicial e 0,15 mg / kg fase finalizadora). Os parâmetros de desempenho, ou seja, consumo de ração (FI), peso corporal vivo (PC) e FCR não foram significativamente (p > 0,05) afetados pela suplementação de selênio na fase inicial, mas foram significativamente (p < 0,05) afetados na fase final. A suplementação de selênio afetou significativamente (p < 0,05) o nível de Se sérico em diferentes grupos suplementados. O maior valor de Se sérico (58,20 ± 0,06) foi registrado no grupo D4. Da mesma forma, valor de selênio significativamente menor foi registrado para D4 e maior foi registrado para D1 (11,36 ± 0,08). No entanto, um valor mais baixo de Paraoxonase (PON) sérica foi registrado para D4 (13,24 ± 0,01) e mais alto para D1 (13,33 ± 0,03). A levedura enriquecida com Se comparativamente autodesenvolvida aumentou o acúmulo de Se e melhorou o sistema [...].

Comparative analysis of various sources of selenium on the growth performance and antioxidant status in broilers under heat stress

Abstract The supplementation of Selenium-enriched probiotics is effective in reducing oxidative stress and maintaining meat quality stability in broiler chicken especially under heat stress. An experimental study was conducted to perform Comparative analysis of Selenium yeast with inorganic Se in broilers under heat stress. A total of 120 broilers chicks of one day were assigned to 4 groups each consisting 30 chicks fed on same basal diet but different selenium sources. The basal diet of group D1 was not supplemented with Se source (Negative control), group D2 basal diet was supplemented with inorganic selenium (Sodium selenite 0.22mg/Kg starter phase and 0.15mg/Kg finisher phase), group D3 basal diet was supplemented with commercially available organic selenium (Seleno-methionine 0.22mg/Kg starter phase and 0.15mg/Kg finisher phase) and group D4 basal diet was supplemented with self-developed organic selenium (Se-enriched yeast 0.22mg/Kg starter phase and 0.15mg/Kg finisher phase). The performance parameters i.e. feed intake (FI), live body weight (BW) and FCR were not significantly (p>0.05) effected by selenium supplementation in the starter phase but were significantly (p 0.05) effected in the finisher phase. Selenium supplementation significantly (p 0.05) effected serum Se level in different supplemented groups. Higher serum Se value (58.20±0.06) was recorded in D4 group. Similarly significantly lower selenium value was recorded for D4 and higher was recorded for D1 (11.36±0.08). However lower serum Paraoxonase (PON) value was recorded for D4 (13.24±0.01) and higher for D1 (13.33±0.03). Comparatively self-developed Se enriched yeast increased the Se accumulation and improved antioxidant system. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was found higher in D4 (12.333±0.03) followed by D3, D2 and D1 respectively. Whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower (p 0.05) in D4 (0.1437±0.003) followed by D3 (0.1457±0.002). Selenium supplementation increased the birds survival rate. Birds fed on Se enriched yeast showed higher Se deposition and better antioxidant capacity as compared to other sources of selenium. Se-enriched yeast displayed an improved result on Se deposition in tissues, and oxidative capacity, meat tenderness and immune response level as compared to other sources of selenium.

Resumo A suplementação de probióticos enriquecidos com selênio é eficaz na redução do estresse oxidativo e na manutenção da estabilidade da qualidade da carne em frangos de corte, especialmente sob estresse por calor. Um estudo experimental foi conduzido para realizar uma análise comparativa da levedura selênio com o Se inorgânico em frangos de corte sob estresse térmico. Um total de 120 pintos de um dia foi dividido em 4 grupos, cada um consistindo de 30 pintos alimentados com a mesma dieta basal, mas com diferentes fontes de selênio. A dieta basal do grupo D1 não foi suplementada com fonte de Se (controle negativo), a dieta basal do grupo D2 foi suplementada com selênio inorgânico (selenito de sódio 0,22 mg / kg fase inicial e 0,15 mg / kg fase finalizadora), a dieta basal do grupo D3 foi suplementada com selênio orgânico disponível comercialmente (fase inicial de seleno-metionina 0,22 mg / kg e fase finalizadora de 0,15 mg / kg) e a dieta basal do grupo D4 foi suplementada com selênio orgânico autodesenvolvido (fermento enriquecido com Se 0,22 mg / kg fase inicial e 0,15 mg / kg fase finalizadora). Os parâmetros de desempenho, ou seja, consumo de ração (FI), peso corporal vivo (PC) e FCR não foram significativamente (p > 0,05) afetados pela suplementação de selênio na fase inicial, mas foram significativamente (p 0,05) afetados na fase final. A suplementação de selênio afetou significativamente (p 0,05) o nível de Se sérico em diferentes grupos suplementados. O maior valor de Se sérico (58,20 ± 0,06) foi registrado no grupo D4. Da mesma forma, valor de selênio significativamente menor foi registrado para D4 e maior foi registrado para D1 (11,36 ± 0,08). No entanto, um valor mais baixo de Paraoxonase (PON) sérica foi registrado para D4 (13,24 ± 0,01) e mais alto para D1 (13,33 ± 0,03). A levedura enriquecida com Se comparativamente autodesenvolvida aumentou o acúmulo de Se e melhorou o sistema antioxidante. A glutationa peroxidase (GPx) foi encontrada maior em D4 (12,333 ± 0,03) seguido por D3, D2 e D1 respectivamente. Enquanto a superóxido dismutase (SOD) foi significativamente menor (p 0,05) em D4 (0,1437 ± 0,003) seguido por D3 (0,1457 ± 0,002). A suplementação de selênio aumentou a taxa de sobrevivência da ave. Aves alimentadas com levedura enriquecida com Se apresentaram maior deposição de Se e melhor capacidade antioxidante em comparação com outras fontes de selênio. A levedura enriquecida com Se apresentou um resultado melhorado na deposição de Se nos tecidos, capacidade oxidativa, maciez da carne e nível de resposta imune em comparação com outras fontes de selênio.

Comparative analysis of various sources of selenium on the growth performance and antioxidant status in broilers under heat stress / Análise comparativa de várias fontes de selênio no desempenho de crescimento e status antioxidante em frangos de corte sob estresse térmico

Abstract The supplementation of Selenium-enriched probiotics is effective in reducing oxidative stress and maintaining meat quality stability in broiler chicken especially under heat stress. An experimental study was conducted to perform Comparative analysis of Selenium yeast with inorganic Se in broilers under heat stress. A total of 120 broilers chicks of one day were assigned to 4 groups each consisting 30 chicks fed on same basal diet but different selenium sources. The basal diet of group D1 was not supplemented with Se source (Negative control), group D2 basal diet was supplemented with inorganic selenium (Sodium selenite 0.22mg/Kg starter phase and 0.15mg/Kg finisher phase), group D3 basal diet was supplemented with commercially available organic selenium (Seleno-methionine 0.22mg/Kg starter phase and 0.15mg/Kg finisher phase) and group D4 basal diet was supplemented with self-developed organic selenium (Se-enriched yeast 0.22mg/Kg starter phase and 0.15mg/Kg finisher phase). The performance parameters i.e. feed intake (FI), live body weight (BW) and FCR were not significantly (p>0.05) effected by selenium supplementation in the starter phase but were significantly (p<0.05) effected in the finisher phase. Selenium supplementation significantly (p<0.05) effected serum Se level in different supplemented groups. Higher serum Se value (58.20±0.06) was recorded in D4 group. Similarly significantly lower selenium value was recorded for D4 and higher was recorded for D1 (11.36±0.08). However lower serum Paraoxonase (PON) value was recorded for D4 (13.24±0.01) and higher for D1 (13.33±0.03). Comparatively self-developed Se enriched yeast increased the Se accumulation and improved antioxidant system. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was found higher in D4 (12.333±0.03) followed by D3, D2 and D1 respectively. Whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower (p<0.05) in D4 (0.1437±0.003) followed by D3 (0.1457±0.002). Selenium supplementation increased the bird's survival rate. Birds fed on Se enriched yeast showed higher Se deposition and better antioxidant capacity as compared to other sources of selenium. Se-enriched yeast displayed an improved result on Se deposition in tissues, and oxidative capacity, meat tenderness and immune response level as compared to other sources of selenium.

Resumo A suplementação de probióticos enriquecidos com selênio é eficaz na redução do estresse oxidativo e na manutenção da estabilidade da qualidade da carne em frangos de corte, especialmente sob estresse por calor. Um estudo experimental foi conduzido para realizar uma análise comparativa da levedura selênio com o Se inorgânico em frangos de corte sob estresse térmico. Um total de 120 pintos de um dia foi dividido em 4 grupos, cada um consistindo de 30 pintos alimentados com a mesma dieta basal, mas com diferentes fontes de selênio. A dieta basal do grupo D1 não foi suplementada com fonte de Se (controle negativo), a dieta basal do grupo D2 foi suplementada com selênio inorgânico (selenito de sódio 0,22 mg / kg fase inicial e 0,15 mg / kg fase finalizadora), a dieta basal do grupo D3 foi suplementada com selênio orgânico disponível comercialmente (fase inicial de seleno-metionina 0,22 mg / kg e fase finalizadora de 0,15 mg / kg) e a dieta basal do grupo D4 foi suplementada com selênio orgânico autodesenvolvido (fermento enriquecido com Se 0,22 mg / kg fase inicial e 0,15 mg / kg fase finalizadora). Os parâmetros de desempenho, ou seja, consumo de ração (FI), peso corporal vivo (PC) e FCR não foram significativamente (p > 0,05) afetados pela suplementação de selênio na fase inicial, mas foram significativamente (p < 0,05) afetados na fase final. A suplementação de selênio afetou significativamente (p < 0,05) o nível de Se sérico em diferentes grupos suplementados. O maior valor de Se sérico (58,20 ± 0,06) foi registrado no grupo D4. Da mesma forma, valor de selênio significativamente menor foi registrado para D4 e maior foi registrado para D1 (11,36 ± 0,08). No entanto, um valor mais baixo de Paraoxonase (PON) sérica foi registrado para D4 (13,24 ± 0,01) e mais alto para D1 (13,33 ± 0,03). A levedura enriquecida com Se comparativamente autodesenvolvida aumentou o acúmulo de Se e melhorou o sistema antioxidante. A glutationa peroxidase (GPx) foi encontrada maior em D4 (12,333 ± 0,03) seguido por D3, D2 e ​​D1 respectivamente. Enquanto a superóxido dismutase (SOD) foi significativamente menor (p < 0,05) em D4 (0,1437 ± 0,003) seguido por D3 (0,1457 ± 0,002). A suplementação de selênio aumentou a taxa de sobrevivência da ave. Aves alimentadas com levedura enriquecida com Se apresentaram maior deposição de Se e melhor capacidade antioxidante em comparação com outras fontes de selênio. A levedura enriquecida com Se apresentou um resultado melhorado na deposição de Se nos tecidos, capacidade oxidativa, maciez da carne e nível de resposta imune em comparação com outras fontes de selênio.