ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the expression level and localization of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in gingival samples of healthy and chronic periodontitis subjects by indirect immunofluorescence technique (IFT). Materials and Methods: In this study, gingival tissue samples were obtained from 25 healthy and 25 periodontitis individuals. The tissues were processed and the initial characterization was done by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression and localization of the TLR4 receptor were determined in the epithelial and connective layer cells of the gingival tissue using the indirect IFT. Immunofluorescence images were acquired and quantitative expression of TLRs was analyzed by calculating the percentage of cells showing positive results. Results: We found that the healthy control group exhibited significantly lower values of TLR4 expression in comparison with the periodontitis patients. We also found that in patients with periodontitis the concentration of TLR4 was higher in the epithelium as compared to their expression in connective tissue cells. Conclusions: These data suggested a definite involvement of TLR4 in initiating and progression of an inflammatory response in periodontitis.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Intra venous therapy for infusion of blood products, fluid and electrolytes, parenteral medications, hemodynamic monitoring, and for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has become an essential feature of modern medical care. However, this is associated with the significant risk of infection of blood stream. Material and methods: Intravenous cannulae with complaint of shooting pain and tenderness associated with cannulae were chosen as subjects of study. Tips of the cannulae were cultured using the semiquantitative method described by Maki. Results: Among them, 32 (32%) cannulae were infected. Among the blood samples of these patients cultured, 14 (14%) were positive and 86 (86%) blood samples were sterile. Fourteen were Coagulase negative Staphylococci, ten were Coagulase positive Staphylococci and five were Micrococci. The others were Corynebacterium jeikeium (4), Candida parapilosis (2), Candida glabrata (2), Klebsiella pneumonia (2) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2). Conclusion: There is no significant increase in the percentage of positive cultures with increase in duration of intravascular stay of the cannulae, after 24 hours. Majority of isolates from both cannula and blood are Coagulase negative Staphylococci (34.14% and 35.75% respectively). Majority of blood culture isolates are sensitive to Vancomycin.
ABSTRACT
The antidiabetic activity of the aqueous root extract of Pseudarthria viscida (L.) Wight & Arn., Fabaceae, was investigated in normal and neonatal streptozotocin (n2-STZ)-induced non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats and compared with glibenclamide as a reference standard. Two different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of the extract were administered to normal and experimental diabetic rats for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose levels, serum lipid profiles and changes in body weight were evaluated in normal and diabetic rats while serum insulin, glycated hemoglobin, urea, creatinine, magnesium, protein, albumin and glycogen, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in kidney and liver were evaluated additionally in diabetic rats. Treatment with extract at both dose levels was found to exhibit antidiabetic activity, with the higher dose showing more significant activity.
ABSTRACT
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of a variety of human malignancies. Increasing oxidative stress appears to play a major model to increase free radical producing and decrease activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. The present study, the development of oxidative stress was prevented by using natural antioxidant vitamin E (50 IU/kg body weight) and flavonoids morin, rutin and quercetin a poly phenolic compounds available in plants. The four weeks treatment of flavonoids (20mg/kg body weight) was affectively reduced the oxidative stress by DOX (10mg/kg body weight) on two dose treatment. The flavonoids maintained the biochemical parameters at optimum levels and they were significantly controlled by the flavonoids. The conclusion of this study is that the flavonoids are natural antioxidants, that they can ameliorate the biochemical markers. The authors suggest that the diet rich flavonoids can useful in the protection of certain diseases like cardiomyopathy (CAD, hypertension, heart failure and stroke), diabetes, cancers and oxidative stress etc., and this model can suggests that fields of Biochemistry and Pharmacology had good scope to evaluate the metabolic diseases and disorders.