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1.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 29: 28, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: lil-785115

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate executive functioning (EF) and impulsiveness in three groups of people aged 30 to 79 years: post-frontal stroke (n= 13) and post-extra-frontal chronic stroke of the right hemisphere (n= 31) and control (n= 38). The years of education varied between the groups was as follows, frontal lesion group:M= 12 (SD= 6.11); extra-frontal lesion group: M = 9.06 (SD = 4.94); and control: M= 9.61 (SD= 4.24) years. The following instruments were used: Behavioural Assessment Dysexecutive Syndrome, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT), Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Impulsivity Evaluation Scale, Delay Descounting Task and Go/No-Go Task. We found differences in EF between the extra-frontal lesion group and the control group with respect to cognitive flexibility (p= .018); number of WCST trials (p= .018); WCST perseverative errors (p= .014) and omission by impulsivity errors on the go/no-go task for 250 ms (p= .008) and 1750 ms trials (p= .006). The frontal lesion group made more errors of omission than the control group in the 1750 ms go/no-go trials (p= .006). These results suggest that extra-frontal lesions impair EF by influencing attentional impulsivity.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Executive Function , Impulsive Behavior , Stroke/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Psico (Porto Alegre) ; 45(1): 65-72, jan.-mar. 2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-742306

ABSTRACT

O uso de drogas na adolescência pode causar prejuízos ao desenvolvimento, podendo se estender ao longo da vida. A impulsividade é fator de risco para o consumo de álcool e outras drogas, podendo, assim, ser responsável tanto pelo início quanto pelo aumento da drogadição. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar como e quando ocorre o início do uso de substâncias entre adolescentes do Rio Grande do Sul, investigando, também, os níveis de impulsividade e agressividade entre estes jovens, e se existem diferenças entre os sexos. Foram utilizados três instrumentos: (1) questionário sociodemográfico sobre uso de drogas; (2) escala de impulsividade de Barrat e (3) Inventário de Expressão de Raiva como Estado e Traço- STAXI. Conclui-se que o início do uso de substâncias tem ocorrido mais precocemente no Rio Grande do Sul do que em outros estados, e que as médias de impulsividade e agressividade destes adolescentes foram consideradas elevadas.


Drug use in adolescence can cause damage to development, and may extend throughout life. Impulsivity is a risk factor for alcohol and other drugs, and may thus be responsible for both the beginning and the rise of drug addiction. The aim of this study was to determine how and when the onset of substance use among adolescents in Rio Grande do Sul, investigating also the levels of impulsivity and aggression among these young people, and whether there are differences between the sexes, Three instruments were used: (1) questionnaire on socio-demographic and drug use;(2) the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and (3) Anger Expression Inventory and State-Trait as STAXI. We conclude that the onset of substance use has occurred earlier in Rio Grande do Sul than in other states, and that the means of impulsivity and aggressiveness of these adolescents were considered elevated.


El consumo de drogas en la adolescencia puede causar daño al desarrollo, y se puede extender a lo largo de la vida. La impulsividad es un factor de riesgo de alcohol y otras drogas, y por lo tanto puede ser responsable de tanto el comienzo como el aumento de la drogadicción. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar cómo y cuándo el inicio del consumo de drogas entre los adolescentes en Rio Grande do Sul, investigando también los niveles de impulsividad y la agresión entre los jóvenes, y si hay diferencias entre los sexos. Se utilizaron tres instrumentos: (1) socio-demográfica cuestionario sobre el consumo de drogas, (2) la Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt, y (3) de la ira Expresión y Estado-Rasgo como STAXI. Llegamos a la conclusión de que el inicio del consumo de sustancias se ha producido anteriormente en Rio Grande do Sul que en otros estados, y que los medios de la impulsividad y la agresividad de estos adolescentes se considera elevado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Alcoholism , Substance-Related Disorders
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