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Purpose@#The rising prevalence of childhood obesity in the past decades has caused nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to become the most common cause of pediatric chronic liver disease worldwide. This study was aimed at determining the effect of vitamin D (Vit D) on ultrasonography and laboratory indices of NAFLD and some blood biochemical indicators in children. @*Methods@#In this interventional study liver ultrasonography was performed in 200 children with overweight and obesity. A 108 had fatty liver among which 101 were randomly divided into two groups of study (n=51) and control (n=50). The study group was treated with Vit D, 50000 U once a week whereas the control group received placebo with the same dose and package, both for 12 weeks. At the end of the intervention lab tests and ultrasound study was performed once again to evaluate the response to treatment. @*Results@#It was found out that Vit D supplementation improved the fatty liver grade in the study group. The mean changes in hemoglobin (Hb), uric acid, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, albumin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly higher in the study group compared to controls (p<0.05). After the intervention and means adjustment, a significant difference was obtained in HDL-C, insulin, LDL-C and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) between the two groups. @*Conclusion@#Vit D supplementation in addition to improving the fatty liver grade in ultrasonography and increasing the blood Vit D level, increases the HDL and Hb level besides decreasing uric acid, LDL, HOMA-IR, insulin and ALT levels.
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Purpose@#The rising prevalence of childhood obesity in the past decades has caused nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to become the most common cause of pediatric chronic liver disease worldwide. This study was aimed at determining the effect of vitamin D (Vit D) on ultrasonography and laboratory indices of NAFLD and some blood biochemical indicators in children. @*Methods@#In this interventional study liver ultrasonography was performed in 200 children with overweight and obesity. A 108 had fatty liver among which 101 were randomly divided into two groups of study (n=51) and control (n=50). The study group was treated with Vit D, 50000 U once a week whereas the control group received placebo with the same dose and package, both for 12 weeks. At the end of the intervention lab tests and ultrasound study was performed once again to evaluate the response to treatment. @*Results@#It was found out that Vit D supplementation improved the fatty liver grade in the study group. The mean changes in hemoglobin (Hb), uric acid, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, albumin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly higher in the study group compared to controls (p<0.05). After the intervention and means adjustment, a significant difference was obtained in HDL-C, insulin, LDL-C and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) between the two groups. @*Conclusion@#Vit D supplementation in addition to improving the fatty liver grade in ultrasonography and increasing the blood Vit D level, increases the HDL and Hb level besides decreasing uric acid, LDL, HOMA-IR, insulin and ALT levels.
ABSTRACT
Childhood obesity could induce some risk factors for cardiovascular disease [CVD] including serum lipid abnormalities, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to comparison the lipid profile in normal children with cases having overweight, obesity and central obesity. In this case control study, which was conducted 2013, serum lipids for three groups of children including cases with overweight [Body mass index [BMI]: 85-95th percentiles to age and sex and waist circumference [WC] <90th percentile to age and sex = Case group1], central obesity without general obesity [BMI <85th percentiles and WC >/= percentile 90 = Case group 2] and central obesity with general obesity [BMI >/=95th percentile and WC >/= percentile 90 = Case group 3] were compared with control group [BMI < 85th percentiles WC <90th percentile]. Data were analyzed using software SPSS-16 by chi-square and ANOVA tests at significance level alpha =0.05. Each group consisted of 100 individuals. The highest mean of serum lipids and the highest extent of dyslipidemia existed in the children having central obesity along with general obesity. So that 49%, 28%, and 38% students of this group show hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]. Odd ratio of hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and low HDL-c, in children with at least one abnormal index [BMI and /or WC] compared with control group were 3.73 [95% CI: 1.98, 6.99], 1.37 [95% CI: 0.71, 2.65] and 2.98 [95% CI: 1.51, 5.87], respectively. With regard to the relationship between central obesity and adverse changes in lipid profiles, the screening children for central obesity to prevention of cardiovascular disease are recommended
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Anthropometric indices are widely used to assess the health and nutritional status of children. The aim of the present study was determination of malnutrition and compare estimates of under nutrition among young children under 2 years of age from Birjand city of Iran using WHO growth standard and the National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS] references. The cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on 822 children under 2 years of age mean z scores for weight-for-age and height-for-age and prevalence underweight, stunting and wasting were calculated using the new WHO growth standards and compared with NCHS references. Compared with NCHS reference, the mean height for age were lower and mean weight for age scores were almost similar using the WHO standards. Prevalence underweight, stunting, and wasting using WHO standards were 5.2-8.2% and 1.9%, respectively, compared to 6.5-37.3% and 1% based on the NCHS references. Using WHO standards resulted differences in mean z score for height for age and changes in prevalence of stunting compared with NCHS references in Birjand city children
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Metabolic syndrome [MS] is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disorders. MS is increasing among adolescents. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of MS in 11-18 years old Birjandi school children in 2012. This crosssectional study was conducted on 2394 eleven-eighteen years old school children in Birjand [1304 girls and 1090 boys] through Multiple-Cluster Sampling. Height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured by standard methods. Blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C were measured after a 12-hour fasting. MS was defined according to the modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software [ver. 16] using statistical T test, logistic regression and Chi square at P<0.05. According to this study, 6.9% of adolescents [4.5% of females and 9.9% of males] had MS. Occurrence rate of MS in male students was 2.32 times of female ones. Components of MS included low HDL [27.7%], hypertriglyceridemia [23.7%], central obesity [16.2%], systolic hypertension [9.4%], diastolic hypertension [0.9%], and high FBS [0.6%]. This study showed a significant relationship between MS, and overweight, obesity and central obesity. 48.5% of the adolescents had at least one component of MS. MS has a high prevalence in Birjandi adolescents, particularly in the obese ones. Thus, preventive measures such as correcting life style, having appropriate nutrition, and encouraging adolescents to have more physical activity are recommended
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Prevalence of obesity in children has been increased during recent decades all over the world. Obesity, particularly, abdominal obesity [AO] is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess obesity and central obesity within students aged 11-18 of Birjand city. This cross-sectional and descriptive- analytical study was conducted on 2458 secondary and high school students, including 1345 girls [54.8%] and 1113 boys [45.2%], who had been selected from Birjand Middle and high schools through multiple-cluster sampling in 2012. For determination of AO, waist circumference and the percentage 90 or more regarding age and sex were used. The obtained data were analyzed by using statistical t-tests and X[2] at the significant level P < 0.05. Among the studied students, average 16.3% [20% of boys and 13.2% of girls] had AO. The obtained data about these two groups shows statistical significant difference of P < 0.001. Chance of AO in boys was 1.6 times greater than that of girls. Odds ratio [OR] = 1.6 [confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-2.1]. It was 1.9 times more about under 15-year-old than over 15 aged subjects. OR = 1.9 [CI: 1.5-2.4]. Regarding high prevalence of AO in Birjand adolescents, it is recommended that adolescents and their families should be warned for long-term outcomes of obesity on quality-of-life. Periodic studies are suggested for awareness of obesity trends in the coming years
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Prevalence of obesity in children has been increasing during recent decades all over the world. Obesity, particularly central obesity, is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to assess obesity and central obesity in 6-11 year old Birjand elementary school children, East of Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1541 elementary school children, i.e. 851girls and 690 boys, selected from Birjand elementary schools through multiple-cluster sampling in 2012. In order to determine overweight and obesity the percentile of CDC was used, so that, 85-95[th] percentile were taken as overweight and >95[th] percentile was defined as obese with respect to age and sex. For determination of central obesity, waist circumference and the >/= 90[th] percentile were used regarding age and sex. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software [V: 15] using t and chi-square statistical tests at the 0.05 significant level. Out of the studied children, 9.6% [11% of boys and 8.3% of girls] were overweight and 9.2% of children [i.e. 10.9% of boys and 7.9% of girls] were obese. About 15.7% of children [i.e. 20.3% of boys and 12% of girls] had central obesity. Regarding high prevalence of obesity, central obesity, and overweight in Birjand elementary school children, it is recommended that families should be provided with necessary information with respect to correcting life-style and preventing obesity in children
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Intestinal parasitic infection is one of the major public health problems in developing countries. Children are more vulnerable to these infections. In addition, the prevalence of infection is different among various communities; hence, there is a need for the periodical prevalence evaluation. This study was performed to define the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among the students of South Khorasan Province, eastern Iran in 2007. A cross-sectional study was performed on 2169 students aged 6-11 years in six cities of South Khorasan Province in 2007. Three stool specimens were collected from each student. Specimens were examined with direct wet and formalin ethyl acetate method. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 15 software. From a total 2169 students, 47.7% were infected with one or more intestinal parasites. Almost 33.4% were pathogen parasites. The most common parasite was Giardia [28.7%]. The prevalence rate of infection was significantly higher in rural area than that of urban area [P=0.001]. The prevalence of infection was also much more common in those students whose parents were less educated. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in this region is remarkable. Public health education and using healthy water are recommended
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Giardia , SchoolsABSTRACT
Infant mortality rate is one of the most expressive indicators of development in all countries. The aim of this study was to determine the cause of infant mortality and risk factors in rural areas of Birjand in Iran.: This population based case-control study covered 156 infants who died when aged less than one-year in health houses of Birjand between January 2004 and December 2005. For each case, two controls were selected matching one-to-one to the case considering variables of residency and their date of birth. The data was collected through interview with mothers and reviewing infants' files in health houses. 57.7 percent of deaths in under one year old infants happened during the first month of their lives. The most important causes of death in neonates were prematurity and low birth weight [44.4%] later gastroenteritis [30.3%]. In addition, the study showed that 9.6 percent of infants had died because of narcotic toxicosis. Moreover, the study showed a significant relationship between infant mortality and parents' level of education, mother's addiction, age of mother in the first pregnancy, prematurity, low birth weight, type of delivery and exclusive breast feeding. Special attention to infantile period and special care for infants born to at-risk mothers, as well as providing special health education can cause a dramatic reduction in infants' mortality rate