ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the professional challenges faced by female doctors during their fellowship training in semi government hospitals of Pakistan. Study Design: It was a qualitative study using a collective case study approach. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in two semi-government hospitals of Rawalpindi i.e. Fauji Foundation and Pakistan Railways hospital, from Jan to Jul 2016
Material and Methods: Ten female doctors working as a trainee [irrespective of year of training] were interviewed by using semi-structured questionnaire. They were inquired about the challenges and issues faced by them in their training. Thematic analysis of the available data was carried out. Themes identified in the data were compared with themes already explored in literature
Results: Ten in-depth interviews revealed themes related to challenges faced by female trainees. All of them strongly believed that training was very tough and hectic and they came across many, departmental, institutional and personal problems during their training. All of them expressed their intense motivation for the training, but still felt it to be demanding. They believed they had paid a heavy price for this training by sacrificing prime time of their youth and family
Conclusion: It was identified by the participants that female encounter countless barriers when they start their fellowship trainings. They come across institutional as well as personal barriers which affect their career, thus hindering their progress
ABSTRACT
Objective: To identify the nature of workplace stressors and their influence on health of mid-career female doctors of a semi government hospital of Rawalpindi
Study Design: Qualitative study which employed collective case study approach
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in a semi government hospital of Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2016
Material and Methods: A total of 12 midcareer female doctors having more than ten years of working experience in a semi government hospital of Rawalpindi were identified and approached. This study was a qualitative study and collective case study approach was used. All females were interviewed after the informed consent by using semi-structured questionnaire. They were inquired about the stress factors they come across at their workplace that affect their health. They were also inquired about the nature of health issues facing them due to these stress factors. Themes identified in the data were compared with themes already searched in literature
Results: One on one in depth interviews of mid-career female doctors revealed various themes associated with departmental and institutional stress factors. All female doctors believed that their job was very challenging and tough and they faced many problems like gender discrimination, long working hours, stressful working environment, low salaries and lack of rewards and remuneration policies of institutions, all of which had caused harm to their health
Conclusion: Work place stress factors influence the health and well-being of mid-career female doctors' by curbing their efficiency and having a negative impact on their overall quality of life by causing harm to their health
ABSTRACT
To know the amount of total waste generated in the hospital daily, to know the types of waste and the amount of infectious waste generated daily, and to know about knowledge and attitude of the health care workers, doctors nurses and sanitary staff about hospital waste. The study area is the Pakistan Railway Hospital a tertiary level care Hospital consisting of 380 beds and all the essential Departments. the study was conducted from June 2006 to September 2006. This was a cross sectional study Single tertiary level care hospital was studied due to limitation of time and resources. Data was collected by using structured questionnaire and weighing of one day [24 hours] waste from all the units. Other relevant data was collected by structured interviews, meetings, discussions. waste generated in twenty four hours is 229.75 Kg. The average waste generated per patient per day is 1.05 Kg, the quantity of infectious waste generated is 104.8 Kg i.e. 0.478 Kg per patient per day. Quantity of waste generated in order of maximum to minimum waste was Gynae/Obs 1.29Kg, Paediatrics 1.15Kg, Surgery 1.13 followed by Orthopaedics 0.80Kg, ENT 0.71 Medicine 0.48 and ophthalmology 0.4Kg all per bed per day. The responses show that all the categories of hospital workers are nearly not having the proper knowledge about the hazards and therefore unable to give suggestion or solution of the problem. Health care waste management in Railway Hospital is in bad shape. The general awareness on the subject is very much lacking both by the producers as well as handlers of waste. There is acute need for training and sensitization of managers, staff and sanitary staff for safe disposal of waste