Lameness, Associated Risk Factors and its Management in Pig under Traditional Farming System in Mizoram, India

The study was conducted in Aizawl and Kolasib district of Mizoram, India in 375 numbers of randomly selected pig farms covering 1126 numbers of pigs. The base line survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire. The pigs under study were distributed in different age groups as < 1 months, 1-3 months, 4-6 months, 7-9 months and 10-12 months and above 1 year. The calendar year under study was divided in to four seasons viz. summer, monsoon, retreating monsoon and winter. Different breeds were classified as Yorkshire, Hampshire, Cross breed and Zovawk (indigenous).The disease conditions were observed and diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical signs, clinical, haemato-biochemical and laboratory examination like radiography and bacteriological examination and antibiotic sensitivity test as and when required. After evaluation of the lameness, the animals were treated accordingly and outcomes were evaluated. The rate of incidence of lameness was found to be 7.46 percent with a sex wise incidence of 8.67 percent in males and 5.96 percent in females. Incidence was highest in crossbreed pigs (7.57%) and in the age group of 1-3 months (12.37%). Leg wise affections were highest in foreleg (48.81%) followed by hind leg (38.10%) and both legs (13.10%). Foreleg affections were highest (54.55%) in the age group of 7-9 months and lowest (42.86%) in pigs ˃12 months. Hind leg affections (57.14%) was highest in ˃12 months and lowest (30. 34%) in the age group of 1-3 months. Sixty five percent wound cases were bacteriologically positive with 53.00 percent infected wounds of polymicrobial nature

Morphological and Applied Anatomical Studies on the Head Region of Local Mizo Pig (Zovawk) of Mizoram / Estudios Morfológicos y Anatómicos Aplicados en la Cabeza de Cerdo Local Mizo (Zovawk) de Mizoram

SUMMARY: Zovawk is newly identified breed of pig of Mizoram approved by breed registration committee of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. This study was designed to provide maximum number of morphometrical parameters of skull and some valuable information on clinically important parameters of Zovawk. The skull of the Zovawk was dolichocephalic according to the cephalic index (53.56±0.11). The supraorbital foramina distance, infraorbital foramina distance, skull length, skull width, cranial length and nasal length of the Zovawk were 3.49±0.01 cm, 6.55±0.01 cm, 28.26±0.03 cm, 15.11±0.26 cm, 13.17±0.04 cm and 13.79±0.02 cm, respectively. The orbital margins were found to be incomplete with bilateral variation among the orbits of both the sides. The distance from the process of alveolar socket of canine tooth to the infraorbital canal and from the latter to the root of the fourth upper premolar alveolar tooth directly ventral to it was 4.77±0.04 cm and 1.20±0.01 cm, respectively in Zovawk. The data are of clinical importance as a guide for tracking the infra-orbital nerve, and necessary for its desensitization during the manipulations in the skin of the upper lip, nostril and face at the level of the foramen. The distance between the lateral end of the alveolus of the third incisor tooth to the mental foramen was 3.57±0.04 cm in Zovawk, which is an important landmark for achieving the location of the mental nerve for the regional nerve block Zovawk. The length and height of the mandible were 25.02±0.09 cm and 10.54±0.07 cm, respectively in Zovawk. The morphometric measurements of the skull and applied anatomy of the head region of the Zovawk provide an important baseline data for further research in the field of applied anatomy.

RESUMEN: Zovawk es una raza de cerdo de Mizoram recientemente identificada, aprobada por el comité de registro de razas del Consejo Indio de Investigación Agrícola (ICAR), Nueva Delhi. Este estudio fue diseñado para proporcionar el número máximo de parámetros morfométricos del cráneo y cierta información valiosa sobre parámetros clínicamente importantes de Zovawk. El cráneo de Zovawk es dolicocefálico según el índice cefálico (53,56 ± 0,11). La distancia de foramina supraorbital, la distancia de foramina infraorbital, la longitud del cráneo, el ancho del cráneo, la longitud craneal y la longitud nasal del Zovawk fueron 3.49 ± 0.01 cm, 6.55 ± 0.01 cm, 28.26 ± 0.03 cm, 15.11 ± 0.26 cm, 13.17 ± 0.04 cm y 13.79 ± 0,02 cm, respectivamente. Se encontró que los márgenes orbitales estaban incompletos con una variación bilateral entre las órbitas de ambos lados. La distancia desde el proceso de la cavidad alveolar del diente canino al canal infraorbitario y desde este último a la raíz del cuarto diente alveolar premolar superior directamente ventral fue de 4.77 ± 0.04 cm y 1.20 ± 0.01 cm, respectivamente, en Zovawk. Los datos son de importancia clínica como guía para el seguimiento del nervio infra-orbital y necesarios para su desensibilización durante las manipulaciones en la piel del labio superior, fosa nasal y cara a nivel del foramen. La distancia entre el extremo lateral del alvéolo del tercer diente incisivo y el foramen mental fue de 3.57 ± 0.04 cm en Zovawk, que es un hito importante para lograr la ubicación del nervio mental para el bloqueo nervioso regional Zovawk. La longitud y la altura de la mandíbula fueron 25.02 ± 0.09 cm y 10.54 ± 0.07 cm, respectivamente, en Zovawk. Las mediciones morfométricas del cráneo y la anatomía aplicada de la región de la cabeza de Zovawk proporcionan datos de referencia importantes para futuras investigaciones en el campo de la anatomía aplicada.