Diez años de experiencia con anagrelide en el tratamiento de la trombocitemia esencial / Treatment of essential thrombocythemia with anagrelide: a ten-year experience

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a chronic myeloproliferative syndrome characterized by thrombocythemia and increased megakaryocytes in bone marrow, thrombosis and/or hemorrhagic manifestations. We report here a ten-year experience in the treatment of ET with anagrelide (A), a non mutagenic drug that inhibits megakaryocyte maturation. Between April 1991 and June 2001, 54 ET patients were included with platelet counts > 900 x 10(9)/l in asymptomatic cases and > 600 x 10(9)/l in symptomatic ones. Age at diagnosis was 39 years (11-83). Previously 30 patients had received treatment with hydroxyurea, alpha INF, busulfan and/or 32P. At diagnosis 18 patients had microvascular obstruction, 7 thrombosis, 8 hemorrhagic manifestations and 3 both hemorrhage and thrombosis. Platelet counts at diagnosis were 1200 x 10(9)/l (600-3472) and before A 995 x 10(9)/l (520-2206). The follow-up from diagnosis was 68 months (9-172) and with A treatment 34 months (2-100). The A dose during the first week of treatment was 2.5 mg/d (1-3) and at maintenance 1.5 mg/d (1-3). Complete response was obtained in 96.3 cases, 77 with platelet counts < 400 x 10(9)/l, and 18.5 < 600 x 10(9)/l. The median time to obtain a complete response was 14 days. Transient adverse effects were present in 66 of patients (headache, nausea, abdominal distention, palpitation and edema). Mild to moderate anemia developed within 2-8 months in 40 of patients. During treatment 8 patients had microvascular obstruction with platelet counts over 400 x 10(9)/l and 7 with normal values. One patient developed myelofibrosis. Five patients died for reasons unrelated to ET. In conclusion, anagrelide was effective in reducing platelet counts and preventing mayor thrombotic events (AU)#S#a

Tromboxano B2 y factor de crecimiento derivado de las plaquetas en la trombocitemia esencial tratada con anagrelide / Thromboxane B2 and platelet derived growth factor in essential thrombocythemia treated with anagrelide

Presentamos los resultados obtenidos en 17 pacientes con trombocitemia esencial antes del tratamiento con anagrelide y durante la remisión hematológica y clínica inducida por esta droga. Diez pacientes tenían manifestaciones clínicas relacionadas con la trombocitemia, en 8 de ellos al momento de iniciar el tratamiento. Se midieron los niveles plasmáticos del TXB2 y del PDGF por técnica de ELISA. Antes del tratamiento los valores plasmáticos del PDGF corregidos por el recuento de plaquetas eran significativamente menores que en los controles (p = 0.02), y no difirieron de los resultados obtenidos durante la remisión. En cambio, los valores plasmáticos del TXB2, corregidos de acuerdo al recuento de plaquetas, estaban más elevados que en los controles (p = 0.04), y disminuyeron significativamente durante la remisión (p = 0.04), aunque todavía estaban por sobre los valores normales (p = 0.008). Los síntomas desaparecieron en todos los pacientes cuando el recuento de plaquetas se normalizó. Estos resultados muestran que los pacientes con trombocitemia esencial tratados con anagrelide y en remisión hematológica y clínica tienen tendencia a normalizar los niveles del TXB2.

La inmunoperoxidasa en el estudio de las trombocitopenias inmunológicas / Immunoperoxidase in the studies of immune thrombocytopenias

The usefulness of different techniques to measure platelet bound IgG has been reviewed by George(16). We present here the results obtained with a technique designed to measure membrane bound IgG employing an anti-human IgG labeled with peroxidase and using O-dianisidine-H2O2 to reveal the enzymatic activity(17). We studied 152 patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic (ATP) including 120 adults and 32 children (age below 15 years old), diagnosed by exclusion of diseases that may be associated with thrombocytopenic purpura of either immune or non-immune mechanisms. Besides, 79 patients with thrombocytopenia related to other diseases were also evaluated. The normal values in 215 controls were 188 +/- 4 IgG molec/platelet (mean +/- SE), while in the whole population of chronic ATP the results were 4714 +/- 344, p < 0.001. In pediatric cases the results had a tendency to values higher than in adults. A negative correlation was found between the number of platelets and the amount of bound IgG, r = 0.41 p < 0.001. IgG bound platelets were also increased in treated patients at relapse. The percent of normal IgG bound platelet was 4,5 percent in patients with a platelet count below 50.000/microliter and 39 percent in those with normal platelet number. Patients with secondary thrombocytopenia had elevated IgG/platelet while the values were normal in patients with thrombocytopenia of unknown etiology. We conclude that the immunoperoxidase technique is useful to establish the immunologic nature of thrombocytopenia.