Prevalence of viral hepatitis in patients attending medical camp

Objective of this study was to check prevalence of Viral Hepatitis in Patients attending Medical Camp Cross sectional study. This study was conducted in free Medical Camp of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana from 01.07.2011 to 31.12.2011. An advertisement was given one week prior via media for awareness of people. The camp was organized by the faculty of Medical unit III on 1[st] July 2011. This camp, apart from necessary medicines, equipped with diagnostic facilities to diagnose hepatitis B and C viruses. Patients willing to participate in this study were enrolled; patients with known hepatitis B and C were excluded. ELISA technique was used to diagnose. This study was approved by Ethical committee of Shaheed Mohtrama Benazir Bhutto Medical University. SPSS version 19 was used for data analysis. Total of 400 peoples were seen at the camp, 96 of them were already known cases of hepatitis B and C and were excluded from analysis. Of 304 patients 246 were males and 154 were females. From 304 patients 32 [10.5%] patients had hepatitis C and 16 [5.3%] had hepatitis B and rest were seronegative. The frequency of HCV and HBV was common in patients with age between 20 to 40 years. This was a small effort to increase awareness in local population regarding the course of viral hepatitis. We also collected data regarding present prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis in rural areas of interior Sindh. Much more is to be done to control this misery of our community

Association of hepatitis [B, C and D] viral infection to gallstones in cirrhosis of liver

To observe the association between hepatitis viral [B, C and D] infection to gallstones in liver cirrhosis. A cross-sectional and hospital based study. This study was carried out at the Hepatology Clinic of CMC, Larkana during January 2011 to December 2011. 913 patients of cirrhosis of liver presenting at Hepatology Clinic of CMC, Larkana during January 2011 to December 2011 were enrolled for study. After informed written consent, blood samples were drawn for HBsAg, anti -HCV antibodies, and anti-HDV Antibodies by ELISA. Ultrasound of all cases was performed to detect gallstones and study the related radiological features. The data was transferred and analyze using SPSS version 17. Means of numeric response variables and categorical response variables were compared by chi-square test and odd ratios calculated when and where applicable. P value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. HBsAg, Anti-HCV Ab and Anti-HDV Ab were documented in 272 [42.2%], 253 [39.3%] and 178 [27.6%] patients respectively. HCV co infection with HBV and HDV was documented in 56 [8.7%] and 44 [6.8%]. Gallstones were detected in 269 [29.5%] cirrhotic patients, of these 136 [14.9%] were multiple. Statistically significant association was observe between gallstones and HBsAg seropositivity with odd of 2.17 [95% CI: 1.62 - 2.90] and p value less than 0.001. There was no statistically significant association between Anti-HCV Ab and Anti-HDV Ab seropositivity with gallstones in cirrhosis of liver. HBV infection is documented more frequently in cirrhosis with gallstone. Female were more likely to be infected. HBV infection may be one of the risk factor for development of gallstones in cirrhosis of liver

Frequency of hepatotoxicity caused by ATT in pulmonary tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is common disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is one of the world's most widespread and deadly illnesses and infects an estimated 20-43% of the world's population and kills about 3 million people each year in the world. The common side effect of antituberculous drugs is hepatotoxicity. This study was carried out to determine the magnitude of hepatotoxicity caused by antituberculous drugs in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis. To determine the frequency of hepatotoxicity caused by ATT in pulmonary tuberculosis. Frequency of hepatotoxicity. Cross sectional study. This study was carried out in collaboration of Department of Medicine and Department of Pulmonology, Chandka Medical College, Civil Hospital Larkana from November 2010 to May 2011. Subjects: All consecutive sputum smears or culture positive patients or radiological evidence of active pulmonary T.B of either sex, older than 15 years of age were included in the study. After approval of ethical committee for medical research of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto University Larkana, informed written consent was taken from newly diagnosed patients of pulmonary tuberculosis for participation in the study. Blood samples were taken, coded and sent for determination of liver function test. Final outcome was measured at the end of 4th week. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. A total of 256 patients were enrolled in this study during study period. The mean age of enrolled participants is 41.5 +/- 18.1. Of 256 patients, 132 [51.6%] were male and 124 [48.4%] were female. The male to female ratio was 1.06:1. Mean serum bilirubin was 1.5 +/- 0.7 mg/dl [Range l.l-3.9mg/dl], the mean alanine transferase level was 34.7 +/- 11 IU/L [Range 11- 109 IU/L], aspartate transferase level was 35.4 +/- 19.3 IU/L [Range 11-112 IU/L] and alkaline phosphatase level was 150 +/- 38 IU/L [Range 95-280 IU/L].The frequency of hepatotoxicity was 51 [19.9%]. Hepatotoxicity was observed in 25-35 age group was 21.7% and 56-65 years was 26%. Hepatotoxicity was observed in 23.4% female and 16.7% male. It is concluded from this study that patients taking anti tuberculosis therapy are vulnerable to hepatotoxicity. Screening should be done after starting of ATT in order to avoid liver damage

Pancytopenia; study of 40 patients at cmc hospital larkana

Pancytopenia is said to exist in an adult when the hemoglobin level is less than 13.5gm/dl in males and 1l.5gm/dl in females, white cell count less than 4x10[9]L[1] and platelet count less than 150x10[9]/L[1]. The causes of pancytopenia are aplastic anemia, subleukemic leukemia, myelodysplasia [2] multiple myeloma, nutritional deficiencies leading to megaloblastic anemia, hypersplenism, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, AIDS, infections such as miliary tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, brucellosis etc. To determine the frequency of various causes of pancytopenia in gender at Chandka Medical College, Larkana. Cross Sectional Study. OPD and Medical Ward-ll, Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana. 01 years study from February 2007 to February 2008. Patients of either sex, who attended medical ward-ll of Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana, either as inpatient or out patient department, from February 2007 to February 2008 and fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were included in this study. Pancytopenia was considered as hemoglobin value less than 13.5gm/dl in males or 11.5gm/dl in females, a white cell count less than 4x10[9]/L and Platelets count less than 150x10[9]/L. Patients of less than 12 years and pregnant females were excluded from the study. Out of 40 patients, 29 [72.5%] were males and 11 [27.5%] were females. Female to male ratio was 1:2.6. The mean ages of males were 29.10 +/- 16.46 years whereas of females 36.14 +/- 15.6 years [P = 0.22]. Aplastic anemia was the most common pathology encountered and was diagnosed in 13 cases [31.5%], followed by hypersplenism 09 [22.9%], Megaloblastic anemia 06 [15%] and hodgkin's lymphoma in 04 [10%] cases. Other less common causes detected were multiple myeloma 02 [5%], drug induced 02 [5%] and malaria, milliary tuberculosis, myelodysplastic syndrome, emophagocytic syndrome was 01 [2.5%] case in each. We concluded that aplastic anemia was the most common cause in our patients and more than 2/3rd patients were young males. We think the causes of aplastic anemia in this study may be misuse of drugs, kushtas, exposure to chemicals and viral infections

Prevalence of hepatitis-C virus infection in Khairpurnathan Shah and Shahdakot: a city based screening program

The world health Organization estimates that approximately 3% of the world population is infected with hepatitis-C virus [HCV] and there are more than 170 million individuals with chronic HCV infection who are at risk of developing liver cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma while in Pakistan according to a safe estimate, approximately 10 million people are infected with HCV. To observe the prevalence of HCV infection in our remote areas and to find out the possible causes for the spread of HCV infection, among the individual of Khairpur Nathan Shah and Shahdadkot. One day city based HCV screening program was conducted in the two cities i.e. Khairpur Nathan Shah and Shahdadkot. Cable and papers were used to invite subjects to come in for free HCV screening. The over all seropositivity among 406 subjects was 30.29%. The prevalence of HCV infection was higher in males [76.1% as compared to females [23.9%] and it was highest in subjects between 31-40 years of age [34.2%]. In this city based screening program, we found a high prevalence of HCV infection among the residents of Khairpur Nathan Shah and Shahdadkot. Broader based studies for HCV screening program are suggested in the remote areas of Pakistan