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The study aimed to evaluate ultrasonographic findings, radiography, and blood profile in 24 bitches presented for treatment of pyometra. Clinical symptoms such as anorexia, vaginal discharge, depression, polyuria/polydipsia, vomiting, and abdominal distension were seen. Among these various types of diagnostic approaches, ultrasonography a powerful tool for the early detection of uterine abnormalities. Before any clinical alterations could be noticed, ultrasonography allowed the diagnosis of pathologic abnormalities. Pyometra must be identified, diagnosed, and treated as soon as possible to achieve a successful outcome
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The breeding soundness examination (BSE) predicts about bull’s potential to get cows pregnant. To identify a bull’s potential fertility, breeding-soundness examinations are frequently used in the beef industry. Bull BSE is a simple, cheap, and essential tool for a cow-calf operation. BSE enhances risk management, strategic bull use, herd fertility, and economics. It is carried out to determine a bull’s libido, and reproductive status, and to test for different genital diseases. Based on the BSE bulls are given one of three classifications: “satisfactory,” “unsatisfactory,” or “classification postponed”. Accurate Semen evaluation is an important factor of the BSE. Competent physical/reproductive exams and appropriate semen evaluations can contribute greatly to the fertility and economics of individual herds as well as understanding of factors which affect fertility
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Tribal medicinal practices of plant crude drugs for various ailments recorded from AdilabadDistrict, Telangana State are presented. The particulars of plant parts used, mode of preparationand administration are given. The crude drugs, either single, bi- or as multi-componentpreparations are used for various ailments. This information provides immense potential forstudy of relationship of the active principles of the drugs with the ailments concerned. Theplants of Adilabad District in Telangana region are well known for their medicinal properties.Several of the 31 Leguminous plants species presented in this paper need special attention onaccount of their restricted availability, threatened status and Ethnobotanical significance. This isof crucial importance in planning any meaningful conservation strategy. The medicinal plants inAdilabad District are distributed in a wide range of habitats including, forests, grassy localities,field margins, way side / roadside etc.
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Objective: To study the effects of medication reconciliation and patient counseling on the overall health benefits of the patients in the department of gastroenterology. Methods: This study is a prospective interventional study, was conducted in a 500 bedded MNR Hospital. The sample size taken was 150 patients and the study population comprised of patients aged 18-80 y, admitted in the hospital during the study period of six months. Results: Out of 150 patients, there were 98 (65.33%) male patients and 52 (34.67%) female patients. Patients between 18 and 30 y of age were 29(19.33%), between the age of 30 and 50 y were 71 (47.33%) and above 50 were 50(33.33%). Pancreatitis was most prevalent with 21% of total prevalence, followed by CLD and cholelithiasis with 17%, then IBD 16%, PUD and Gastritis 5%, GERD 4% and other diseases 15%. Conclusion: The basic role of the pharmacist, is to help in minimizing the errors and to perform medication reconciliation. In patient counseling, pharmacists provide information about the disease, and the medications to increase patient safety and the changes in the behavior for the better outcome.
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Background: Refractive errors are one of the known cause of visual impairment and a main cause of blindness worldwide. In children, refractive errors make us learning disabilities and also prevent academic progression. Aim: To study the prevalence of refractive errors in children of school going age. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive study in which children were screened for refractive errors. Children aged 4 to 15 years whose parents were willing to sign the informed consent form. This study was done from 2011 to 2015. Results: Total 531121 children were screened in which 13206 having refractive errors, incidence of 2.4% in the present local area. The most common age group affected is 8-11 years of these were boys 2706 (20.4%) and 3491 (26.4%) girls. Conclusion: The major cause of visual impairment worldwide is refractive errors and have immediate and long term consequences in children.
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Aim: To compare the result of graft materials i.e. temporalis fascia, tragal perichondrium and ear lobule fat in various aspects but the prime interest would be the closure of tympanic membrane perforation and postoperative hearing improvement. Materials and methods: The study was carried out on 60 patients admitted for myringoplasty as per selection criteria in the Department of Ear Nose and Throat for a period of 1 year in patients autogenous graft materials was used and they were divided into three groups. In Group A 20 patients in which termporalis fascia was used as graft, Group B 20 patients in which tragal perichondrium was used as graft and Group C 20 patients in which ear lobule fat was used as graft. Results: Maximum number of patients (41.7%) was in the age group of 21-30 years. Female patients outnumber the male patients. The male female ratio was 1: 2. Rural population was more as compared to urban in study groups. Left ear was more involved in all the groups. Maximum number of patients i.e. in group A (50%), in group B (45%) and in group C (55%) was having duration of ear discharge of 1-5 years. Dry ear of <3 months of duration in group A, group B and group C was 50%, 80%, and 70% of patients respectively. In group A, 50% of patients had more than 30dB AB gap while 45% of group B and 50% of group C had less than 20dB AB gap. Overall total AB gap was 10.33 ± 9.62 dB. Mean improvement in hearing was 12.32 ± 8.42 dB, 10.38 ± 5.73 dB and 12.62 ± 8.06 dB in group A B and C respectively. Conclusion: Temporalis fascia graft has good improvement of hearing when compared to other grafts in study. Ear lobule fat when used in small perforations has encouraging results.
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Background: Dry eyes are common occurrence in rural population affecting both male and female above 40 years, especially those involved in agriculture related occupation. Pathophysiology of dry eyes is either due to increased evaporation or decreased tear production dry weather, dust, exposure to toxic substances, nutritional disorders, improper personal hygiene are contributing factors. Symptoms are foreign body sensation, blurring of vision, burning sensation, intolerance to wind beside easy fatigability of eyes. Aim: Aim was to design effective treatment protocol for treating poor patients from rural areas with dry eye disease (DED). Materials and methods: Total 92 patients 49 males and 43 females were followed up to 1 year with initially two visits at 15 days interval, thereafter at 3 months interval. Patients were instructed to report back in case of worsening of symptoms. Results: 78 were comfortable and symptoms are improved. 6 patients there was not much improvement in signs and symptoms. In three patients symptoms worsened with medication and these 9 patients were referred to higher centers for further treatment. 5 patients were lost to follow up. Ravi Sekhar Rao K., G. Sreenivas, Dr. N. Krishna, Vasantha. Effective Treatment Protocol for Dry Eye Disease in Rural Population (Nizamabad District, Telangana State). IAIM, 2016; 3(12): 95-98. Page 96 Conclusion: Level I and II DED in rural population is best treated with hydroxyl methyl cellulose eye drops 4 times were more depending on symptoms along with anti-inflammatory agents initially for two weeks, offers good relief from symptoms and improved compliance. Patients were symptoms free for about one year with medication.
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Fenofibrate is mainly used to reduce cholesterol level in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. Thermal transition study with the help of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows that the aforesaid active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is a good glass former. Based on our DSC study, the molecular dynamics of this API has been carried out by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) covering wide temperature and frequency ranges. Dielectric measurements of amorphous fenofibrate were per-formed after its vitrification by fast cooling from a few degrees above the melting point (Tm ? 354.11 K) to deep glassy state. The sample does not show any crystallization tendency during cooling and reaches the glassy state. The temperature dependence of the structural relaxation has been fitted by single Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman (VFT) equation. From VFT fit, glass transition temperature (Tg) was estimated as 250.56 K and fragility (m) was determined as 94.02. This drug is classified as a fragile glass former. Deviations of experimental data from Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) fits on high-frequency flank of α-peak indicate the presence of an excess wing in fenofibrate. Based on Ngai's coupling model, we identified the excess wing as true Johari–Goldstein (JG) process. Below the glass transition temperature one can clearly see a secondary relaxation (γ) with an activation energy of 32.67 kJ/mol.
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Endodontically treated teeth are significantly weaker and more prone to fracture. The reasons are desiccation or premature loss of moisture supplied by a vital pulp. The posts have been advocated to strengthen weakened endodontically treated teeth against intraoral forces by distributing torquing forces within the radicular dentin to support tissue along their roots. This in vitro study compared the effects of three post systems on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.
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Aim: The aim of the present investigation was to perform the precolumn derivatization of Amantadine Hydrochloride (AMT) with phenylisothiocyanate and to develop a RP-HPLCPDA method for the quantification of Amantadine Hydrochloride-phenylisothiocyanate (AMT-PITC) complex in bulk and dosage forms which is rapid, sensitive and economical. Study Design: Method development and Validation study. Methodology: A Phenomenex C18 RP column of 250 x 4.6mm dimensions and 5μm particle size with mobile phase containing water and acetonitrile (40:60% v/v) was used at isocratic mode binary pump and eluent was monitored at 273nm. Results & Discussion: The retention time of AMT-PITC complex was 6.3 min. The developed method showed a good linearity in the concentration range of 10-50μg/mL with a correlation coefficient >0.998. The recoveries ranged between 95-105% with a Relative Standard Deviation of (RSD) < 2%. Conclusion: The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines and successfully used for quantification of AMT by derivatization with PITC. The method was found to be rapid, specific and accurate.
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Background: Autonomic neuropathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is chronic diabetic complication with variable prevalence and clinical manifestations. Prevalence of CAN remains less explored domain among type 2 diabetic population. Aim: To analyse the prevalence of CAN in type 1 and type 2 DM. Materials and methods: A total of 152 cases with DM were selected for the study following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the cases underwent a battery of cardiovascular reflex tests designed by Ewing. Results: We observed that overall prevalence of CAN was 51.9%. Prevalence of sympathetic and parasympathetic CAN was 28.9% and 44% respectively. When compared, prevalence of CAN in type 1 patients was significantly different from type 2. Further, significant difference was noted between parasympathetic and sympathetic CAN in these patients. Conclusion: Study concludes that, prevalence of CAN in type 1 DM is higher than type 2. Parasympathetic CAN prevalence is higher than sympathetic CAN in both groups.
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The aim of the present study was to validate the hepatoprotective activity of bark of Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem., Biognoniaceae, against paracetamol (PCM) induced hepatic damage. Chloroform soluble fraction (Fraction-I), acetone soluble fraction (Fraction-II), methanol soluble fraction (Fraction-III) and methanol insoluble fraction (Fraction-IV) of ethanolic extract of bark of T. undulata were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced hepatic damage using biochemical, morphological, functional and histopathological studies. The methanol soluble fraction (Fraction-III) was most potent among the four fractions studied in detail. Fraction-III showed significant hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced hepatic damage as evident by normalization of substantially elevated levels of aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (TBil), decreased level of total protein (TP), increased wet liver weight and volume, increased thiopentone sodium induced sleeping time and abnormal histopathology. Present study showed that the Fraction-III of ethanolic extract of bark of T. undulata significantly restores physiological integrity of hepatocytes. Fraction-III did not show any sign of toxicity up to oral dose of 1500 mg/kg in mice.
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BACKGROUND: Streptokinase is the most widely used thrombolytic agent and can now be made using recombinant DNA technology. The present trial was initiated to assess an indigenous recombinant streptokinase (Shankinase, r-SK). AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of indigenous recombinant streptokinase (Shankinase, r-SK) and natural streptokinase (Streptase, n-SK). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Double blind, randomized, non-inferiority, multicentric, parallel study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients of AMI < 6 hours of chest pain and 2 mm ST elevation in 2 contiguous chest leads V(1)-V(6) or 1 mm in limb leads were randomized to receive 1.5 miu of either r-SK or n-SK. CK Peaking and decrease of > or = 50% ST segment were used to assess reperfusion. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Difference in the groups was assessed by chi-square or paired t test as required. Probability value < 0.05 was considered significant with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Overall 150 patients were recruited (96 r-SK group and 54 in n-SK group) and demographic and clinical profile of the groups was comparable. Reperfusion was seen in 68.2% (58) and 69.4% (34) patients in r-SK and n-SK groups respectively. Commonly seen adverse events were fever in 7 (8.5%), hypotension in 3 (3.6%), nausea in 2 (2.4%) patients. Minor bleeding were seen in 4 (4.8%) of patients. CONCLUSION: Indigenous recombinant Streptokinase (r-SK) is as efficacious as natural streptokinase (n-SK) in establishing reperfusion as assessed by non-invasive parameters with comparable side effect profile.