ABSTRACT
Objective- The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of odontogenic jaw cysts in a Libyan population and to compare the data with previously published reports from other countries. Materials and methods- We retrieved and analyzed 2190 case notes and biopsy records of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Al Arab Medical Sciences University; Benghazi; Libya; dating from January 1990 to December 2005. There were 326 cases (14.8) of diagnosed odontogenic cysts among the 2190 biopsies performed during this period. The cases were analyzed for age and sex distribution; site of presentation; association with impacted teeth; and the method of treatment. Results- The male to female ratio of patients was 1.3:1 Radicular cysts accounted for 222 cases (68.1); followed by dentigerous cysts (n=49; 15) and odontogenic keratocysts (n=43; 14.1). Mean ages of the patients were; respectively; 31.7; 22.7 and 36.1 years. The maxilla was more commonly involved than the mandible (1.3:1). The anterior maxilla was the commonest site (n=132; 37.4) followed by the posterior mandible (n=96; 29.4). Fifty three cases were associated with impacted teeth; and the highest frequency was for dentigerous cysts (n=37). Enucleation and curettage was performed on 300 patients; marsupialization on 14; and marginal/segmental resection on 12. Conclusion- To our knowledge; this is the first such study on a Libyan population. Our results are comparable to studies from other countries. Knowledge of the relative frequencies and sites of presentation of odontogenic cysts in different ethno-geographic backgrounds is essential for the early diagnosis and management of these benign yet potentially destructive lesions
Subject(s)
Hirsutism , Obesity , Odontogenic Cysts/epidemiologyABSTRACT
While conducting a point prevalence total population survey in Ghorpuri slum in Pune, the overall prevalence or leprosy was 9.16 per thousand. The prevalence rate varied in different bastis with Madari basti having a very high prevalence rate of 17.31 per thousand and showing clustering. Prevalence was highest in age group 31-40 years, females, Muslims, Widower/widow, skilled workers, illiterates and primary school educated and the lower socio-economic groups. Joint families had the highest prevalence of leprosy (20.83/1,000) and also higher prevalence was seen in families with more than 7 members.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Leprosy/epidemiology , Male , Poverty Areas , Prevalence , Religion , Sex Factors , Social ClassABSTRACT
Genetic analysis of 169 mentally retarded (MR) children from Madras, revealed chromosomal abnormalities in 17%. Down syndrome was the major chromosomal anomaly (24/169 = 14.2%). These included three cases of trisomy-21 mosaics, and one case of de novo Robertsonian translocation. MR children with chromosomal abnormalities were either mildly or moderately retarded. Syndromes with known etiology occurred in 3% of the MR cases. Microcephaly, neonatal anoxia, perinatal stress and pharmacological attempt for abortion were found to be important pathogenic factors associated with MR. Most of the microcephalics (11/169 = 6.5%) were severely retarded, whereas those associated with neonatal anoxia and perinatal stress were either mildly or moderately retarded. Birth-order effects were found only among Down syndrome patients. Segregation analysis of the three groups of proband families (viz. mild, moderate and severe MR) indicated that autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is compatible in moderate and severe MR proband families. The proportion of X-linked instances of MR is estimated to be about 22% of the cases.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Chromosome Aberrations/genetics , Chromosome Disorders , Down Syndrome/genetics , Female , Fetal Hypoxia/genetics , Humans , Male , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Microcephaly/genetics , Pregnancy , Sex Chromosome Aberrations/geneticsABSTRACT
The role of vagus and hydrocortisone in the regulation of lung surfactant was studied in adult albino rats. Dynamic surface tension and phospholipid content were measured in the lung wash for estimating surfactant activity. The results indicate that vagotomy significantly decreases the surfactant activity whereas hydrocortisone does not alter it. But when hydrocortisone was administered prior to vagotomy it could prevent the decrease in surfactant activity. Thus it is concluded the regulation of lung surfactant in the adult lung is mainly by vagus nerve and hydrocortisone as such has no role but in the absence of vagal regulation hydrocortisone could maintain normal lung surfactant activity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Hydrocortisone/pharmacology , Male , Mathematics , Pulmonary Surfactants/analysis , Rats , VagotomySubject(s)
Animals , Bronchitis/etiology , Chronic Disease , Emphysema/etiology , Female , Humans , Lung/pathology , Male , Manure , Pulmonary Surfactants/analysis , Rats , Sex Factors , Smoke/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Acetaldehyde/pharmacology , Alcohol Drinking , Animals , Humans , Lung/drug effects , Male , Phospholipids/metabolism , RatsABSTRACT
It has been observed that the lung surfactant activity decreased after exposure of the animals to diesel automobile exhaust. This decreased lung surfactant activity could be an important factor in the pathogenesis of pulmonary oedema and collapse seen in our experiments.
Subject(s)
Animals , Depression, Chemical , Female , Lung/drug effects , Male , Pulmonary Surfactants/metabolism , Rats , Vehicle Emissions/toxicityABSTRACT
Vagotomy in guinea-pigs reduces the pulmonary surfactant activity. Unilateral vagotomy brings about a similar reduction in the lung on the same side. The findings indicate that surfactant reduction may be an important causative factor in the initiation of pulmonary edema in vagotomised guinea-pigs. It is suggested that surfactant synthesis or release may be affected by alterations in the pulmonary blood flow or removal of the effect of neuro-secretory fibres, following vagotomy.