ABSTRACT
Several factors have been associated with HIV infection, but alcohol consumption has not been studied completely. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and HIV infection. A case-control study was undertaken with HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients, matched by sex and age (± 2 years). Latin-American Alcoholism Test (long version) was used to evaluate alcoholism diagnosis. A total of 198 cases were matched with 198 controls: 38.9 percent of cases were diagnosed as alcoholics, and only 22.7 percent> of controls (p < 0.001). The multivariate model showed that economic income (p < 0.001), sexual orientation (p < 0.001), and alcoholism diagnosis (p < 0.001) were associated with HIV infection. This study demonstrates an association between alcohol consumption, homosexual practices between men and economic income with the prevalence of HIV infection.
Se conocen diversos factores asociados a la infección por VIH, siendo uno de los menos estudiados el consumo de alcohol. El propósito de este trabajo es evaluar la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la infección por VIH. Se realizó un estudio caso-control, pacientes con y sin infección por VIH, apareados por sexo y edad (± 2 años). Se utilizó la Prueba de Alcoholismo Latinoamericano Versión Larga para el diagnóstico de alcoholismo. Se evaluaron 198 casos y 198 controles: 38,9 por ciento de los casos fueron diagnosticados de alcoholismo y sólo 22,7 por ciento de los controles (p < 0,001). El modelo multivariado mostró que el ingreso económico (p < 0,001), la orientación sexual (p < 0,001), así como el diagnóstico de alcoholismo (p < 0,001) se asociaron a la infección. Este estudio demuestra una asociación entre el consumo de alcohol, las prácticas homosexuales entre hombres y el ingreso económico con la prevalencia de infección por VIH.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Alcoholism/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Alcoholism/complications , Alcoholism/diagnosis , Epidemiologic Methods , HIV Infections/etiology , HIV Infections/transmission , Peru/epidemiology , Sexual Behavior , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Review was undertaken of 5 521 serum samples that had been tested to detect or confirm the presence of different hepatitis A, B, and delta serologic markers. The sources of the samples included a national reference laboratory, several outbreaks of viral hepatitis in civilian and military populations, and a serologic survey. They were examined using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus was very high (x=92.2 percent) and it was uniform. Prevalence of hepatitis B markers was more variable and inconsistent; it was high in samples from the Jungle region of Perú, where the average prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was 4.9 percent. Antibodies to delta hepatitis were present in 28.6 percent of the carriers of HBsAg identified in the outbreaks. All the outbreaks had similarities, including a high, ciclic case-fatality rate associate with the delta virus. Hepatitis B is highly endemic in Perú, while hepatitis B has average endemicity. It will be necessary to do more research in order to better understand the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in this country