ABSTRACT
<b>Introduction: </b>The dream of mankind since immemorial times is opportunity to drinking water from the source of life, water that restores health. The healing waters, which include spring and mineral waters derived from groundwater and deepwater. Depending on the geological origin of water they contain different content of minerals including metals like vanadium. Data available from animal studies, cell culture, and few clinical observations suggest the benefit from vanadium supplementation in diabetes.<BR><b>Objectives: </b>Vanadium, depending on the consumed dose may be toxic or therapeutic. Unfortunately the WHO or other comparable authority did not rule definitively on this matter. Because of it, the aim of this study was, based on literature, to compare vanadium concentrations in some waters, particularly derived from the ground and deepground, <BR><b>Methods: </b>Literature review. Measurements of the concentration of vanadium in publications included in this review, in the tested water samples were performed with spectroscopic techniques<BR><b>Results: </b>The concentration of vanadium in mineral water and groundwater ranges from 0-138μg/l, this means that some water content was below the detection limit. The survey of the chemical composition of 571 European bottled mineral waters from Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine shows that the concentration of vanadium was above the detection limit (1μg/l ) only in about 12% of the samples <sup>1)</sup>. while 132 samples of water from Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad, the US and Yugoslavia vanadium concentration contain within 0.0006-93.1μg/l <sup>2)</sup>. The content of vanadium shows a fairly close relationship with the geological structure of the region of origin. In volcanic regions concentration increases in relation to the water of the river as much as 100 fold. The vanadium content in groundwater in Spain in the areas of Grenada ranged from 10.8-13μg/l <sup>3)</sup>, in Italy in area of Etna 18-138 μg/l, Lake Bracciano 17-30μg/l and the Costello 1-82μg/l <sup>4)</sup>, whereas, at the Lake Biwa in Japan 0.26 μg/l mm and in rainwater in Kyoto 0.37 μg/l <sup>5)</sup>. <BR><b>Conclusions: </b>There is an urgent need to identify desirable and maximum permissible content of vanadium in the waters, especially in the waters used in medical hydrology. They can be useful here, observations of the state of health of the population living in regions with varying vanadium content.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: In the world there are numerous sources to which the population pilgrimage and is convinced of the healing power of incurable diseases. Category of beneficial medicinal waters are waters which include spring and mineral water derived from ground and deepwater. Groundwater is contaminated with substances from agriculture wastewater, for example, pesticides that are toxic substances. Unfortunately was noted down more and more cases of contamination of the deep water. Objectives: Pesticides are employed in agriculture and in public health. Toxicity to humans includes along-term and acute effects. Therefore, knowledge of their concentration in drinking water treatment seems to be very important. The aim of this study was based on the literature indicate the presence of certain pesticides and pesticide metabolites in selected drinking water coming from the ground and deepground. Methods: Literature review. Measurements of pesticide concentrations in the test water samples in publications included in this review were performed by chromatographic techniques. Results: Seven water spring (mountain Vermion-Greece) were studied during the 12-months. Atrazine, diazinon and DEA [deethylatrazine] Their concentrations levels were below 0.060μg/l1). The concentrations of pesticides detected in underground waters were 0.089μg/l for alachlor, 0.098μg/l for atrazine, 0.205μg/l for desethylatrazine, 0.090 μg/l for carbofuran, 0.041μg/l for metolachlor, 0.077μg/l for molinate, 0.018μg/l for propanil, 0.007μg/l for parathion methyl and 0.037μg/l for simazine. Research pesticides atrazine, alachlor, cyanazine in groundwater2) showed the absence of the first two, but altrazine concentration was in the range 0.16-3.7μg/l. In the groundwater below 1.5m concentration was higher than in 3m below. Altrazine was sporadic detected even at a depth of 4.6m, but not below. It has been tested concentration of 10 pesticides in groundwater from Argentina3). Azinphos methyl is the most widely used pesticide. Its concentration was 3.22μg /l. In the groundwater can also identify metabolites of pesticides4). From 150 pesticide metabolites 37 were detected with a concentration <0.025μg/l and median total concentrations of pesticide metabolites was 0.62μg/l. Conclusions: 1. From the selected work indicate that pesticides and metabolites of pesticides pollute water sources, underground water and deepwater. 2. Concentrations of pesticides in most cases are lower than the 0.1μg/l, which is the general limit concentrations of pesticides, and pesticides metabolites in drinking water5), 6). 3. Only in the case of the pesticide azinphos methyl was found elevated concentration of 3.22μg /l, which realises the necessity Identification concentrations of pesticides and their metabolites in mineral and spring waters.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The dream of mankind since immemorial times is opportunity to drinking water from the source of life, water that restores health. The healing waters, which include spring and mineral waters derived from groundwater and deepwater. Depending on the geological origin of water they contain different content of minerals including metals like vanadium. Data available from animal studies, cell culture, and few clinical observations suggest the benefit from vanadium supplementation in diabetes. Objectives: Vanadium, depending on the consumed dose may be toxic or therapeutic. Unfortunately the WHO or other comparable authority did not rule definitively on this matter. Because of it, the aim of this study was, based on literature, to compare vanadium concentrations in some waters, particularly derived from the ground and deepground, Methods: Literature review. Measurements of the concentration of vanadium in publications included in this review, in the tested water samples were performed with spectroscopic techniques Results: The concentration of vanadium in mineral water and groundwater ranges from 0-138μg/l, this means that some water content was below the detection limit. The survey of the chemical composition of 571 European bottled mineral waters from Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine shows that the concentration of vanadium was above the detection limit (1μg/l ) only in about 12% of the samples 1). while 132 samples of water from Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad, the US and Yugoslavia vanadium concentration contain within 0.0006-93.1μg/l 2). The content of vanadium shows a fairly close relationship with the geological structure of the region of origin. In volcanic regions concentration increases in relation to the water of the river as much as 100 fold. The vanadium content in groundwater in Spain in the areas of Grenada ranged from 10.8-13μg/l 3), in Italy in area of Etna 18-138 μg/l, Lake Bracciano 17-30μg/l and the Costello 1-82μg/l 4), whereas, at the Lake Biwa in Japan 0.26 μg/l mm and in rainwater in Kyoto 0.37 μg/l 5). Conclusions: There is an urgent need to identify desirable and maximum permissible content of vanadium in the waters, especially in the waters used in medical hydrology. They can be useful here, observations of the state of health of the population living in regions with varying vanadium content.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: As a child, I was repeatedly subjected to a cupping therapy and perhaps with good results, because I live for today. As a young doctor I used cupping in the 80 - th century. Today in my country is relatively rarely used by qualified medical personnel, although still officially approved for the treatment, and also quite widely practiced outside of official medicine. The aim of the study was to analyze the medical literature cupping therapy. Method: A review of the literature available on PubMed and Google Scholar, clinicaltrials.gov and EU Clinical Trials Register. Results: After entering the phrase “cupping therapy” obtained information about more than 800 publications and 10 clinical trials. It seems much more probably located in the journals outside these databases of literature, including unreviewed, books and websites. Cupping are a medical device used in physical medicine for hundreds, perhaps even thousands of years quite different indications and in different modifications. On the one hand it can be considered as related acupressure, in a sense acupuncture, because the pressure changes affect the skin and subcutaneous tissue, the other as a form of heat treatment, and thus akin to moxibustion. The scope of the described indications for cupping therapy is quite broad and includes fibromyalgia, neuralgia, Persistent non- specific low back pain, neck pain, mechanical / motor problems with neck and trunk, osteoarthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, facial paresis, but also insomia, asthma, cough, bronchtis, dyslipdemia, laryngitis, erysipelas, hypertension and pneumothorax and.. constipation. Unfortunately the available data do not allow for strong recommendations of their use, but can be considered as a method of supplementing or even basic for patients with contraindications to other forms of treatment (medication or operating). However, further research to these recommendations could be verified. Cupping is also not free from the risk of complications, especially dermatological and hematology. The biggest risk, however, is probably omission or delay the necessary diagnosis and/or therapy, such as surgery, when cupping lead to a subjective improvement, but it can not cure serious diseases such as cancer. Conclusion: Available data do not allow for strong support of cupping therapy, but may be considered as a complementary method or even basic for patients with contraindications to other forms of treatment (medication or operating). However, further research to verify these recommendations must be done.