ABSTRACT
Background: Raised body mass index (BMI) and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are important determinants in development of gestational diabetes.Methods: A prospective, observational study carried out on antenatal women since their first trimester. These women were screened for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by diabetes in pregnancy study group of India (DIPSI) criteria. All participants were followed up by measuring their BMI, weight gain, blood sugars in every trimester. Also, data was collected regarding any adverse outcomes.Results: Among all participants, 16.8% were diagnosed as GDM. 44% women of study group had weight gain beyond Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations. Higher risk of GDM was observed in women with raised BMI and excessive GWG. Also, odds of preeclampsia, preterm deliveries, caesarean section, macrosomia, intrauterine fetal death, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were higher in women with GDM.Conclusions: Compliance of recommended weight gain during pregnancy have a strong impact on the fetal outcome. Amount and timing of weight gain plays a crucial role in GDM.
ABSTRACT
Vaginal Sarcoma is an extremely rare tumour in pregnancy. Authors are presenting a case report of a pregnant woman who presented with vaginal mass and urinary retention at 32 weeks of gestational age. USG confirmed a live baby with possibility of cervical fibroid. Before further investigations for diagnosis of the mass her emergency LSCS has to be done. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry then confirmed sarcoma.
ABSTRACT
Background: present study is done to study the antibiotic-sensitivity and resistance pattern of bacteria causing catheter associated urinary tract infection. Objectives of this study were to study the bacterial etiology of CAUTI, to study the prevalence of various bacteria causing catheter associated urinary tract infection, the antibiogram (sensitivity and resistance) pattern of isolated bacteria and the percentage of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the study population.Methods: In this prospective observational study, under aseptic precautions, urine sample was taken after 48 hours of catheterization and sent for culture and sensitivity pattern is studied.Results: In this study 500 urine samples were cultured and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern was observed. Out of the 53 culture positive samples most the subjects had asymptomatic bacteriuria. The study gave the incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) to be 10.6% and about 9% were polymicrobial. In this study about 7 causative bacteria were isolated. Escherichia coli were the most common organism that was isolated. On studying the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each isolate, it has been observed that all of them are multidrug resistant and the sensitivity pattern is migrating towards higher antibiotics.Conclusions: Empirical use of antibiotics must be avoided and antibiotics must be used only after sensitivity testing. This will help in selection of the appropriate antibiotic for therapeutic use and prevent indiscriminate and irrational use of antibiotics. This will also improve the cost efficiency and decrease the duration of hospital stay.
ABSTRACT
Background: Nearly every family in the world is touched by cancer, which is now responsible for almost one in six deaths globally. Aim of this study was to access Indian woman's awareness towards cervical screening methods to promote strategies for increasing its uptake.Methods: A comprehensive questionnaire based cross-sectional observational survey was conducted in Pt. JNM Medical College and Dr. BRAM hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh from September 2018 to July 2019. Participants were selected by sampling between 21 to 59 years of age who have given consent for study.Results: Out of 1008 participants only 336 (33.3%) participants were aware about screening of cervical cancer and less than 28% participants were aware about pap smear, time of investigation, method of pap smear, health centre, association of HPV virus with cervical cancer, availability at vaccination, and with regard to risk factors only 27.9% women were aware that there is increased risk of cervical cancer due to multiple partners, 17.6% aware of risk due to increase in number of children’s, 11.1% aware of increase in risk of cervical cancer due to early initiation of sexual activity. Younger women (age 30-35, odds ratio 1.24, 95% CI 0.78-1.32, p-value 0.05), low socioeconomic status (odds ratio 1.74, 95% CI 0.76-2.12, p-value 0.01), education level (≤ secondary education odds ratio 1.64 95% CI 0.85-2.18 p-value 0.000, ≥ higher secondary or above education odds ratio 2.32 95% CI 1.21-2.89 p-value 0.001) and age at marriage (odds ratio 2.21, 95% CI 0.78-2.18, p-value 0.000) all had a significant relationship with the awareness of Pap smear test. Two-third of the females in the study stated that lack of awareness as the major reason for not getting a pap smear while another one- third stated lack of recommendation by health care professionals as major hurdle.Conclusions: This study found that woman's fear, pain and embarrassment, along with cultural influences, deterred them from undergoing screening.