ABSTRACT
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are an important public health concern. STIs are associated with higher reproductive morbidity and also increase the risk of HIV transmission. STI prevention and control is deemed as one of the important prevention strategy for controlling HIV epidemic. After the national AIDS control program was launched, a sharp decline was observed in the STIs (especially of bacterial origin) as fallout.
ABSTRACT
Presence of a foreign object embedded in and around a tooth is unusual. Such object may get lodged and become a source of pain and infection, causing the patient to present to the dentist. This paper present two such case reports of foreign body imbedded within or around the tooth. One of the reported cases is the first case in which staple pin is present in primary molar. Present article emphasizes upon maintenance of oral hygiene and regular dental check up can prevent such undesirable situation.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) is a relatively new method of cyclodestruction which can be used in the management of refractory glaucomas. AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ECP in the management of refractory glaucomas. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Prospective interventional non-comparative study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty eyes of 50 patients with refractory glaucoma, whose intraocular pressures (IOP) were not under control with maximal medical therapy underwent ECP, by the anterior, or pars plana route. IOP, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and the number of anti-glaucoma medications, were compared postoperatively to preoperative values. Success was defined as IOP pound 22 mmhg, with or without use of medications. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Student's t test and repeated measures ANOVA were used to evaluate change in IOP and Student's t test, for comparison of BCVA. Kaplan Meier survival curve was plotted. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to evaluate reduction in medications. RESULTS: Patients were followed for an average of 12.27 months (3-21months). IOP decreased significantly from 32.58 +/- 9.16 mmHg to 13.96 +/- 7.71 mmHg at last follow-up ( P < 0.001, student's t test). BCVA was significantly improved in the postoperative period ( P < 0.001, student's t test). The average number of antiglaucoma medications decreased from 2.51 +/- 0.97 to 1.09 +/- 1.16 ( P < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). ECP had a success rate of 82.2%. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation is an effective procedure in this subset of refractory glaucomas.