ABSTRACT
Background: The suprascapular notch is a semicircular notch located at the superior border of the scapula, just medial to the base of the coracoid process which constitutes the main site of compression of the suprascapular nerve. The aim of present study is to study morphological variations of the suprascapular notch in the North Indian population, classify the suprascapular notch into various types and to correlate the type of notch to the incidence of suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome. Materials and Methods: Material for the present study comprised of 100 adult scapulae (Right : Left :: 50:50) of unknown age and sex, obtained from Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India. Results: Suprascapular notch was present in 95% bones, was transversely oval in 66%, vertical diameter = 5.9mm (3.29-16.80mm), transverse diameter = 5.96mm(2.93-13.70mm), distance from the base of suprascapular notch to the superior rim of glenoid = 29.98mm (21.7-39.25mm). It was classified as per Natsis et al classification into type I (20%), type II (39%), type III (34%), type IV (5%) and type V (2%). Our results were compared with the studies of other authors. Conclusions: The knowledge of classification and the anatomical variations of suprascapular notch helps the clinician to define easily and quickly the type of notch and be able to correlate suprascapular nerve entrapment with a specific type of notch.
ABSTRACT
Various communications between the different branches of brachial plexus have been reported by many authors but the communication between the radial and ulnar nerve; the branches of posterior and medial cords of brachial plexus in the arm is very rare. It features the communicating ramus travelling from proximal radial nerve and distal ulnar nerve at a high humeral level in the right arm of a 56 year old male cadaver. Knowledge of such variations may be of importance in the evaluation of certain entrapment phenomenon of ulnar nerve or unexplained sensory loss after trauma or surgical interventions in that particular area is also of clinical significance in anaesthetic blocks.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The present paper is about the study of distance between minor and major duodenal papillae which was carried out on 30 cadaveric specimens of human duodeno-pancreas. With introduction of ERCP, the pattern of pancreatic ductal system visualization has attained popularity. Without the knowledge of the normal pattern of the duct system and its variations, a radiologist can’t interpret an Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography (ERCP) picture. So it becomes important to study the anatomy of pancreatic ducts, their relation to each other, to common bile duct and to duodenum in the available human cadavers. To visualise and to see distance between minor and major duodenal papillae is necessary for the endoscopist who aims to perform the dilation, stenting, or papillotomy of the minor papilla. ERCP is proved to be “first line” therapeutic tool in the management of surgical, medical and pathological disorders involving the biliary tree and pancreatic duct. Methods: The study was conducted in thirty (20 male and 10 female) cadavers. Major and minor duodenal papillae were visualized through eosin dye installation in both common bile duct and the accessory pancreatic duct. The measurement of distance between the duodenal papillae was done in cm. Results: In the present work, the distance measured between the major and minor duodenal papilla was on an average 1.93+0.61 cm. in females and in males it was 2.05+0.31 cm. Conclusion: The length of the duct shows sexual dimorphism; the length being more in males than females.