ABSTRACT
In the present study the effectiveness of intravenous atropine sulphate which blocks the peripheral muscarinic receptors at the heart and retrobulbar xylocaine hydrochloride which blocks the conduction at ciliary ganglion on the afferent limb of OCR was studied during strabismus surgery. The study was conducted on fifty three patients of either sex having squint of more than ten years duration. The patients were randomly allocated into four groups. No preanaesthetic medication with atropine or retrobulbar block with xylocaine was given in control group of patients. In the second group, only preanaesthetic medication with atropine was given; while in the third group only retrobulbar injection of xylocaine was given five minutes before operation. In the last group both atropine as preanaesthetic medication and xylocaine as retrobulbar block were given. The electrocardiographic recordings were taken before and throughout the operative procedure. It was interesting to note that in the group where atropine and xylocaine were used none of the patients exhibited activation of OCR. Results have been discussed.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Atropine/pharmacology , Child , Ciliary Body/drug effects , Female , Ganglia/drug effects , Humans , Intraoperative Complications/prevention & control , Lidocaine/pharmacology , Male , Random Allocation , Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects , Reflex/drug effects , Reflex, Oculocardiac/drug effects , Strabismus/surgerySubject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Creatine Kinase/blood , Female , Fibrinogen/analysis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/blood , PrognosisSubject(s)
Analgesics , Animals , Anura , Blood/drug effects , Female , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Male , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Rabbits , Rats , Tranquilizing AgentsSubject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , PrognosisSubject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , ortho-Aminobenzoates/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Child , Clinical Trials as Topic , Female , Finger Joint/physiopathology , Humans , Locomotion , Male , Middle Aged , MovementSubject(s)
Animals , ortho-Aminobenzoates/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Rabbits , RatsABSTRACT
Hypertonic solutions of different substances were injected into the vertebral artery of dogs anesthetized with chloralose, preventing their access to the hypothalamic osmoreceptors by ligating the basilar artery and both the external carotid arteries. The hypertonic solution of sodium chloride produced graded inhibition of water diuresis and a concomitant rise in plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level; hypertonic solution of glucose produced lesser effect. Hypertonic urea solution, on the other hand, did not alter the course of water diuresis. It was concluded that osmoreceptors are also present in the medulla which sense the changes in blood osmolarity and accordingly modify the ADH release.
Subject(s)
Animals , Diuresis/drug effects , Dogs , Female , Glucose Solution, Hypertonic/pharmacology , Hypertonic Solutions/pharmacology , Male , Medulla Oblongata/physiology , Saline Solution, Hypertonic/pharmacology , Sensory Receptor Cells/drug effects , Sucrose/pharmacology , Urea/pharmacology , Vasopressins/blood , Water/pharmacology , Water-Electrolyte Balance/drug effectsABSTRACT
Albino rats were pretreated orally for seven days with different doses of the essential oil and juice of garlic. These animals were challenged with isoprenaline (85 mg/kg, s.c.) on day six and seven to induce myocardial necrosis. The same rats were also subjected to swimming test before and after forty eight hr of first injection of isoprenaline. Pretreatment with essential oil (2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg) and juice (2.0 and 4.0 ml/kg) significantly protected the myocardium from isoprenaline-induced necrosis. These animals also exhibited better swimming performance. In separate group of animals, pretreatment with garlic juice (4.0 ml/kg) or essential oil (4.0 mg/kg) improved the chances of survival in isoprenaline-challenged animals.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cardiomyopathies/chemically induced , Garlic , Isoproterenol/pharmacology , Myocardium/pathology , Necrosis/chemically induced , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , RatsSubject(s)
Animals , Blood Coagulation Tests , Cardiomyopathies/blood , Female , Fibrinolysis , Heart/drug effects , Isoproterenol , Male , Myocardium/metabolism , Necrosis , Prognosis , RatsSubject(s)
Animals , Female , Garlic , Male , Myocardium/pathology , Necrosis , Plants, Medicinal , Rats , Stress, PhysiologicalABSTRACT
The study was undertaken to evaluate a new method of estimating plasma fibrinogen levels, gravimetrically using calcium chloride in albino rats. The results were compared with the standard method in which thrombin was used as clotting agent and were found to be statistically not significant. Advantages of using calcium chloride instead of thrombin have been discussed.