ABSTRACT
Acute and chronic pyelonephritis are known afflictions to the kidney in diabetics and in patients of abnormal urinary anatomy. And its presentation as a spontaneous sinus opening on the anterior abdominal wall is a rare phenomenon. We present one such rare case of a 71-year-old male with pus discharge from the anterior abdominal wall for 7 months. On investigating, it was found to be a nephrocutaneous fistula arising from the left non-functional kidney. This was dealt with left nephrectomy along with excision of the sinus tract. Though a very rare condition, a possibility of nephrocutaneous fistula must be kept when dealing with discharging sinus in lumbar region.
ABSTRACT
Background: An individual personality is reflected in their thoughts, emotion and behavior. Type D personality is defined as joint tendency towards negative emotions and social inhibition. Type D personality is associated with anxiety, depression and psychological stress. The present study is conducted to assess the incidence of Type D personality in the under graduate dental students as they are prone to excessive stress in their education. To study the prevalence Type D personality in first year dental students and to study the various variables associated with type D personality.Methods: The personality of students was analyzed by using DS 14 questionnaire. Likert scale was used to calculate the personality score. The students scoring high on either or both subscales taking cut off value as 10 was considered as type D.Results: 15% students had only social inhibition and 7% students had only negative affectivity. 5% students had both social inhibition and negative affectivity. Overall, the prevalence type D personality was found to be 27% among the students of dental college. The type D personality students were significantly associated with habits like alcoholism.Conclusions: The early identification of Type D personality can be helpful both for physical and mental wellbeing and we can minimize its impact on health by adopting healthier life style, yoga and meditation, mentorship in early college days, emotional support etc.
ABSTRACT
Background: India has approximately 2.4 million of people living with HIV and out of these two thirds live in rural areas. This study may yield significant data to understand epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in this region that would help in designing techniques for effective implementation to prevent this infection.Methods: The present study was a comprehensive retrospective hospital-based investigation of the HIV infection in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India based on a large number of clinical samples at HCTS centre, representing different geographic regions and has been functional since 2002, conducting HIV tests, counselling of patients as well as maintains proper records.Results: A total of 444 HIV positive clients were registered in this retrospective study. The male and female ratio among all positive clients was 1.67:1 and the most common age group for both the genders was 35-49 years. Among 444 HIV positive clients, HIV-TB co-infection found in 72 (16.21%) cases. Out of 444 clients, 177 (40%) and 167 (38%) found extremely immunocompromised with low CD4 cells count in range between of 0-100 cells/mm3 and >100-350 cells/mm3 respectively. Mortality was seen in 72 (16%) out of 444 HIV positive clients.Conclusions: There is an urgent need of information, education about this disease and by providing suitable occupation or to make them aware, which will markedly help in preventing the spread of HIV pandemic in this geographical region.
ABSTRACT
Clear Cell-Renal Cell Carcinoma (CC-RCC), the mostcommon subtype, accounting for 75% of all RCCs, canmetastasize to any part of the body. Nodal metastasis iscommonly noted in the pulmonary, tracheal andretroperitoneal lymph nodes. However, metastasis tocervical/supraclavicular lymph nodes is extremelyrare. Moreover, these metastatic nodal deposits areusually solid, but may become cystic, which warrants adifferential diagnosis of metastatic lesion in an elderlypatient. So, here we report a case of metastatic RCCpresenting as left supraclavicular lymphadenopathywithout any clinical manifestations of the primarywhich was misdiagnosed as a benign cystic lesion oncytology.