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Pulmonary Nocardiosis is a rare bacterial infection of lungs, caused by a filamentous bacterium. Immunocompromised people are known to be at danger, but there are other new emerging risk factors to consider. The presentation and clinical course in such patients differ from the previous. Here the present case is aimed to underline the presentation and diagnosis in non-risk individual.
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Death due to drowning is almost frequent in India, so it is but natural that, medico-legal expertise is called upon for investigations. Determining the cause of death in bodies found in water is quite challenging, which can be done by thorough investigation and complete autopsy by forensic pathologist. The present study was a retrospective, which was conducted for one year during June 2016 to May 2017 considering upon history and postmortem finding of the deceased. The maximum drowning cases were of male sex (74.73%), with commonest affected age group being 21-30 years (30.64%). Most of the drowning cases were accidental (55.91%) in nature and occurred commonly in water canal (55.37%), and rivers (25.26%). The most significant findings noted on autopsy were decomposition and animal bites (gnawing effects) (54.83%) and presence of heavy, voluminous, edematous and congested lungs with c/s showing copious frothy fluid (52.15%)
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OBJECTIVE:Breast abscess is a significant cause of morbidity especially in young women of childbearing age. These abscesses are associated with physical, psychological disturbance, and long-term cosmetic consequences.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This was a prospective study that involved seventy cases of breast abscesses to identify etiological agents and their susceptibility patterns.RESULTS:Lactation was a risk factor in almost two-third of all cases. Others were diabetes mellitus, extremes of age, immunocompromised conditions, and tuberculosis. The most common bacterial isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (83.3%), almost half being methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Others included coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Candida spp., and acid-fast bacilli.CONCLUSIONS:The treatment of all such microorganisms is different, signifying that microbial diagnosis plays a pivotal role in management of such abscesses.
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Background: Globally, approximately 2.5 lakh deaths occur every year, with majority of cases from low and middle income countries. Burns is one of the major cause of mortality and morbidity in India with around a million people affected by burns every year. This study has been aimed to study the socio-demographic profile of burn patients and also to evaluate the etiology, manner, and circumstances of occurrence of burn injuries along with their outcome. Methods: This record based retrospective study was conducted Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Records were analyzed and information related to socio-demographic details, etiology of burns, place of burn, manner of burns were extracted. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 11.5. Results: The study included 154 participants. Majority of the participants were in the age group of 21-30years (n=50, 32.5%) followed by 31-40 years (n=35, 22.7%).More than half of the participants were females (n=84, 55%). When the etiology for burns were analyzed most of the cases were due to scalds (n=64, 41.5%) followed by flames (n=n=58, 37%). More than three fourth of the burn cases were accidental in nature (n=128, 83.1%) followed by suicidal burns (n=22, 14.2%) Conclusions: Even in the era of technological advancement burns still remains as a major issue of concern in most of the developing countries including India. It
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Background: Infections occurring from waste produced in health care establishments are more when compared to any other type of waste. There is inadequate and inappropriate knowledge of biomedical waste management among health care personnel which might have serious health consequences and pose a threat to the environment. This study was conducted to determine the knowledge of health care professionals about the proper disposal of biomedical waste and practice in following preventive measures while handling bio medical waste. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at three tertiary care teaching hospitals attached to Kasturba Medical College (KMC), Mangalore. Health care professionals comprising of doctors, nurses, lab technicians and class IV employees were enrolled in the study based on convenient sampling technique after obtaining their informed written consent. The data was collected using a pre tested, semi structured questionnaire. SPSS Version 16.0 was used for entering the data and analysis. Results: It was found that doctors had better knowledge compared to other health care professionals about the correct disposal of needles (n=56, 84.8%) and disposal of discarded medicines (n=45, 68.2%). Knowledge about the correct disposal of tubes and catheters were almost equal among doctors (n=47, 71.2%) and nurses (n=47, 73.4%). Only 44.5% (n=97) of health care professionals were utilizing all the personal protective equipments while handling bio medical waste. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the awareness regarding proper disposal of biomedical waste was better among doctors, staff nurses and lab technicians when compared to class IV employees.
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Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) have been commonly used in both human and veterinary medicine to reduce pain and inflammation in different arthritic and postoperative conditions due to their three major activities, viz., anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic. Phenylbutazone, diclofenac, meloxicam and some other NSAIDs are being used as therapeutic measures for pain, inflammation and fever in clinical veterinary medicine. Antiinflammatory effect is mainly due to their ability to inhibit the activities of cyclooxygenases, enzymes those mediate the production of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, a dietary fatty acid. Cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2) is the inducible form of the enzyme and is involved in inflammation. The widespread use of NSAIDs has meant that the adverse effects of these drugs have become increasingly prevalent. The two main adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with NSAIDs relate to gastrointestinal (GI) effects and renal effects of the agents. The most common is a propensity to induce gastric or intestinal ulceration that can sometimes be accompanied by anemia from the resultant blood loss. Large variety of compounds with similar actions but varying kinetics in different species thus varying risk of toxicity and variety of toxic effects. Review research relating to these adverse drug reactions, focusing on histopathological findings, which may contribute to the comprehension and possible avoidance of drug-induced disease.
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Prion diseases are known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), a group of rare, rapidly progressive, and fatal neurologic diseases. The agents responsible for human and animal prion diseases are abnormal proteins (prion or proteinaceous infectious particle) that can trigger chain reactions causing normal proteins in the brain to change to the abnormal protein. These abnormal proteins are resistant to enzymatic breakdown, and they accumulate in the brain, leading to damage. All have long incubation periods followed by chronic neurological disease and fatal outcomes, have similar pathology limited to the CNS include convulsions, dementia, ataxia (balance and coordination dysfunction), and behavioral changes, and are experimentally transmissible to some other species.
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The antimicrobial growth promoter includes varieties of chemotherapeutics agent to be used for improving feed conversion efficiency, body weight gain and overall health. Now a day due to increased pressure of augmenting productivity, the animal husbandry industry is favorably inclined to professional use of antimicrobial growth promoters. AGP are administered at very low dose and they modify the bacterial quality and quantity in animal body towards favorable outcome with respect to reduced incidence of some diseases and infections. Today, non inophore group of compounds are being used widely for the purpose. These compounds alter the cell membrane permeability and causes death of bacterial cells. Wide varieties of compounds are available with specific purpose. The most ideal characteristic of AGP desired is minimum tissue residue and no cross resistance with human pathogens. The total amount of AGP used is difficult to estimate. The present review discusses the detail aspect of AGP at length.
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A case of tubercular osteomyelitis of nasal bones in a 10 year old child is being reported because of its extremely rare occurrence.