ABSTRACT
Background: In complex pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects (PFUDD), early management prevents incidence of devastating complications such as urinary incontinence, restenosis and urethra cutaneous fistula. The aim of the present study was to study the outcome of patients with PFUDD undergoing early alignment (either by rail roading or endoscopic) compared with initial suprapubic urinary diversion with delayed urethroplasty.Methods: This was a prospective randomized study done at KGMU, Lucknow; having PFUDD during the period from June 2014 to July 2017. Patients with PFUDD were randomized in to two groups. Group A included 22 patients and managed by supra pubic cystostomy followed by delayed urethroplasty. Group B included 23 patients and managed by primary alignment by rail-roading and early endoscopic alignment. Patients were followed up after 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months for measuring the primary and secondary outcomes during follow up.Results: The most common age group that sustained pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects injury are male of 21-40 years. In group A, stricture was present in all patients at 6 weeks post-surgery. Open urethroplasty was done at 3 months in 60% and 10% patients at 6 months. In group B, stricture was present in 80% at 6 weeks, 40% at 3 months and 10% at 6 months. The incidence of ED in group A at 6 weeks, 3 months, was 25% patient which reduced to 20% at 6 months. In group B, ED was present in 30% patients 6 weeks, 3 months and which reduced to 25% at 6 months. No incontinence was observed in both groups.Conclusions: Primary realignment has significant benefits compared to SPC as realignment approach is associated with a 50%-55% decrease in stricture formation.
ABSTRACT
Sludge is a hazardous waste and their disposal is an issue of concern that needs a suitable solution. Enzyme extraction from industrial sludge, particularly paper and pulp industry, is important in terms of waste management as well as the recovery of valuable product for the multifarious application. Present research work is focused on the extraction of some hydrolytic enzymes (protease, lipase, and amylase) from the sludge of paper industry using ultrasonication, an addition of cation exchange resin (CER) and Triton X-100. We have found that maximum protease was recovered from sludge using 2% Triton X-100 and maximum lipase at 0.1% Triton X-100. Both enzymes have shown contrasting behaviour. Lipase recovery was decreased with increased Triton X-100 concentration in contrast to protease recovery which showed a significant increase. However, maximum amylase was recovered using CER at 2000 U/g of VSS (volatile suspended solid) with Triton X-100 and maximum recovery was observed at 1.0%. Results suggest that this method to be most appropriate for extraction of hydrolytic enzymes from the activated sludge and suitable to be scaled up for effective recovery of hydrolytic enzymes from the industrial sludge.
ABSTRACT
Grid based (GPS) surface (0-15 cm) soil samples by systematic survey were collected from 4 blocks, 84 selected villages in Kabeerdham district were 297samples identified from Vertisol. These soil samples were analyzed for N,P and K and Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn andcategorized as low medium and high as per criteria fallowed in the soil testing laboratory. Based upon the coefficient of correlation between macronutrients& micronutrient and soil properties, a significant and positive correlations observed was between soil pH and available N, P and K. Electrical conductivity exhibited significant and positive relationship with available N, P, K and organic C showed significant and positive correlation with available N and K.