Study of patients with suicidal ideation with sleep disorders and depression in Karnataka population

Background: 85, adult patients aged between 17 to 65 years of both sexes were studied with to know the etiology of suicidal ideation.Methods: Applying methodical instruments like sleep habits questionnaires and Black scale for suicidal ideation to rule out etiology and types of suicidal ideation.Results: Total 13(15.2%) had active suicidal ideation, 23(27%) specific plans for suicide 20(23.5%) had passive suicidal ideation, 29(34%) patients had previous history of suicidal attempts. Majority of the patients were under treatment of hypnotics and antidepressants�, 11(12.9%) were on clonozepine 12(14.1%) were on lorazepam 9(10.5%) were on chlordiazepoxide, Antidepressants, 8(9.41%) were on sertalin, 14(16.4%) desvenlafaxine, 15(17.6%) Amitriptyline, 16(18.8%) were on duloxetine.Conclusions: This pragmatic study highlights the suicidal ideation with sleep disorders and depression, will be quite helpful to psychiatrist, psycho-social worker to treat the patients efficiently

Study of Prevalence of Hearing Loss in School Going Children Between Ages 8 to 14 Years of Jodhpur (Rajasthan)

Introduction: Normal hearing is very important for overalldevelopment of child. If a child is suffering from hearing loss,it affects his ability to acquire knowledge and skills. So thisstudy was done to estimate true prevalence in primary schoolsof Jodhpur region between ages 8 to 14 years.Material and Methods: Total 1200 students were includedin study from various schools of Jodhpur between ages 8 to14 years. Detailed otological examination done and hearingassessment done in silent room with 512 HZ turning fork test.All data with history obtained and analysed.Results: Total 146 students from 1200 students had hearingloss with most common type of hearing loss is conductive.Conclusion: Hearing loss specially in age group 8 to 14 yearsof school going children is preventable by simple measureslike paying attention to children regarding hearing by theirparents, teachers, Para-medical staff and conducting regularscreening programs.

Role Of Bera In Evaluation Of Hearing Loss In Pediatric Age Population

Introduction:Hearing impairment in pediatric population specially in early age could affect their learning abilities, skills and communication. Early diagnosis is utmost important in these cases to prevent this disability permanently. Aims:In this study, we evaluate the role of BERA in early diagnosis of hearing impairment specially in high risk pediatric population.Materials and methods:A total 65 high risk cases below 12 years of age are included in the study and BERA was obtained and data obtained and analysed.Results:In our study, 40.9 % cases showed hearing impairment on BERA investigation. Severe to modied hearing loss was found in 2 4 cases (88.9 %).Conclusion:In our study, BERA is very simple, useful, reliable, screening tool specially in high risk and un-cooperative pediatric population for early diagnose and management of hearing loss.

Assessment Of Knowledge And Awareness Of Adult Basic Life Support Among Post Graduate Students Of Rama Dental College, Kanpur City, India.

Background: Accidents and cardiac arrest are mostly encountered life threatening emergencies, which can sometimes be prevented by adequate knowledge and proper practice regarding basic life support (BLS) and resuscitation. Therefore, the study aims at evaluating the knowledge and awareness of adult basic life support among postgraduate students of Rama Dental College, Kanpur. Methodology: A cross- sectional descriptive study was been conducted amongst the postgraduate students regarding BLS. Permission was obtained from the Institutional heads and the review board. A self- structured questionnaire in English which was administered was validated via pilot study. The questionnaire comprised of 13 close ended questions including demographic details as well as questions regarding knowledge and awareness on Basic Life Support. A single calibrated examiner administered the questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by calculating percentage and frequency distribution. Results: 100 postgraduate students were chosen as study subjects. Out of those, 95 students submitted the duly filled questionnaires. Therefore, it was seen that only 37%-38% students had knowledge regarding the meaning of BLS, while only 11% postgraduate students were aware of the latest modification of the BLS. 30%-37% students gave the correct response for the question ‘first response when you see a person unresponsive on road’. 56% students had knowledge regarding the location for compression of chest. Conclusion: In the current study, we found that most of the postgraduate students did not have adequate knowledge regarding BLS.

Evaluating The Oral Hygiene Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Among Dental And Medical Students In Kanpur City..

Background & Objective: Oral health is essential for general health and well-being throughout life and is a marker for overall health status. Poor oral health can have a significant effect on quality of life. Oral health behavior plays an important role in maintaining optimal oral health. Awareness regarding it can lead to the enhancement of oral health. Aim is to evaluate the Oral hygiene knowledge, attitude and practices among Dental and Medical students in Kanpur City. Methodology: The present study is a cross sectional descriptive survey. 400 students were selected from dental and medical colleges of Kanpur city as the targeted population for the study. Convenience sampling technique was used. A pre- tested, self-structured, close- ended questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was administered to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding oral hygiene to the targeted population. The data was collected, compiled and then percentage and frequency distribution were calculated. Results: It was seen that 80% dental students and 67% medical students considered that oral health is a part of overall health. It was also seen that the frequency of tooth brushing among dental students was found to be 100% twice a day and amongst medical students it was 51% twice a day. Finally the visit to the dentist in every 6 months amongst dental students was higher (100%) than the medical students (35%). Conclusion: From the study conducted, we can conclude that the awareness regarding knowledge and behaviours amongst dental and medical students was found to be satisfactory. Hence, there is a need for implementation of more preventive programs immediately on oral health promotion which can further help in increasing the knowledge, attitude and practices of the students.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Dental Surgeons towards Tobacco Cessation In Kanpur City.

Background & Objective: The prevention and control of tobacco use is an emerging issue of global significance and of central importance to oral health and dental care. The dental profession is in an excellent position to play a major role in several emerging issues, such as helping the public and policymakers understand the chronic nature of tobacco dependence and supporting cessation services for all people. Objective is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of dental surgeons in Kanpur city towards tobacco cessation. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among dental surgeons by using self-administered questionnaire with23 closed-ended questions. A total of100 dental practitioners who fulfilled the eligibility criteria, participated in the study. Out of this 85 people returned the filled questionnaire form and the response rate was 85%. Descriptive statistics included computation of percentages. Results: Most of the respondents were male (80%) and had practiced dentistry for 5-10 years (91.8%). All the respondents (100%) had the knowledge of harmful effects of tobacco use. A less percentage (8.3%) used tobacco themselves. All the respondents (100%) did not maintain any records on tobacco use. Most of the respondents (82.4%) provided information on harmful effects of tobacco to less than thirty percent of the patients. Only 48.2% dental surgeons advised users to quit. Conclusion: The results of this study call for sensitizing health professionals on a larger scale on the issue of tobacco use and its treatment.

Comparative Efficacy of Tamsulosin Versus Tamsulosin With Tadalafil in Combination With Prednisolone for the Medical Expulsive Therapy of Lower Ureteric Stones: A Randomized Trial

PURPOSE: To compare the safety and efficacy of tamsulosin and tamsulosin with the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor tadalafil in combination with prednisolone as medical expulsive therapies for lower ureteric stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 2011 and December 2012, 62 adult patients presenting with distal ureteric stones sized 5 to 10 mm were randomized equally to treatment with tamsulosin (group A) or tamsulosin with tadalafil (group B). Therapy was given for a maximum of 6 weeks. In addition, patients in groups A and B were given 5-mg prednisolone once daily (maximum 1 week). The stone expulsion rate, time to stone expulsion, analgesic use, number of hospital visits for pain, follow-up and endoscopic treatment, and adverse effects of the drugs were noted. Statistical analyses were done by using Student t-test and chi-square test. RESULTS: There was a higher expulsion rate (83.9% in group B and 74.2% in group A) and a lower time to expulsion in both treatment groups than in historical controls used in earlier studies. However, these results were not statistically significant (p=0.349, p=0.074, respectively). Statistically significant differences were noted in hospitalization for colic and analgesic requirement, which were less in group B than in group A. There were no serious adverse events. Another important finding was improvement in erectile function in group B. CONCLUSIONS: Medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteric stones using tamsulosin and tadalafil with prednisolone is safe and efficacious. Also, the prescription of tadalafil in cases of erectile dysfunction with the development of lower ureteric stones may provide additional advantages.

Effects of yoga and physical exercise on cardio-respiratory parameters.

Background: Yoga includes combination of postural exercise (Asanas),Voluntary breathing exercise (pranayam) & relaxation techniques. The comparative study about effects of regular practice of yoga & physical exercise on cardio-respiratory functions and respiratory pressures (MIP,MEP) is very important to better understand it’s effect on health. Method: 200 healthy volunteers (146M-54F) from age group (17 -26)years were included in the study.They were divided in to two groups. Gr A Yoga group(n=100),Gr B Physical exercise group(n=100). Yoga group practiced some yoga exercises including Asanas,Pranayam & relaxation postures daily one hour for 3 months.While Physical exercise group practiced slow walk,calisthenic exercise & stretching exercises daily 1 hour for 3 months. Following parameters were recorded at start & end of the study. Resting cardiovascular parameters including HR,BP,PP,MAP,RPP & DoP were recorded. Pulmonary parameters (FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC,PEFR,MVV) were recorded. Apart from this MIP,MEP & 40mmhg endurance test were also recorded .Result: Yoga group shows significant reduction in Heart rate (p<.01),SBP & DBP (p<.05), MAP(p<.01),while exercise group shows only decreasing trend. FVC & FEV1 inreased significantly after yoga training. FEV1/FVC, PEFR & FEF25-75% shows increasing trend in both the groups,but only exercise group shows significantly raised PEFR & FEF25-75%. MVV was significantly improved in yoga group. MIP,MEP were significantly increased after yoga training. Timing of Respiratory Endurance test was also significantly raised(p<.05) in yoga group. Conclusion: 3 moths Yoga training produces a significant improvement in respiratory pressures (MIP,MEP), spirometric values.

Association Between ABO Blood Groups And Myocardial Infarction In Jodhpur City of India.

Background: Many reports have appeared in recent years showing an association between blood groups and Myocardial Infarction. Clinical studies have shown a significant association between MI and blood group B. Objective: To investigate correlation of ABO blood groups with risk of MI. Methods: The present cross sectional study analyzed ABO blood group among total 400 subjects of any age from the local population of Jodhpur city from July to December 2011.Among them 200 subjects were normal healthy(135 male and 65 female) students of Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur and another 200(135male, 65female) were MI patients admitted in the CCU of Mathura Das Memorial(MDM) Hospital, Jodhpur. ABO blood group of all subjects were determined by slide agglutination method. Risk of MI was expressed by risk ratio. Data were analyzed by one sample chi square test. Results: The results obtained in this study showed that the prevalence of MI in blood group B is significantly higher than in all other ABO blood groups. Conclusion: The results may conclude that there is a significant association between MI and blood group B. So this study reveals MI risk is associated with the blood group B.

Physiology of Starvation and Refeeding Syndrome.

Refeeding syndrome represents a series of metabolic complications that sometimes results by provision of nutrients, primarily carbohydrate, to a patient in a nutritionally compromised state. Refeeding syndrome is associated with hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia and hypomagnesaemia, fluid retention and vitamin deficiencies including thiamin are also of concern. If severe, refeeding syndrome may result in respiratory, cardiac, and neuromuscular dysfunction, especially in the stressed, elderly, or severely malnourished patient. This article discuss the physiology of starvation and the pathophysiology behind refeeding syndrome, identify the patients at greatest risk, and provide practical tips for prevention. As increased awareness and understanding of refeeding syndrome may help, prevent further such incidents and clinicians learn to recognize patients at risk and avoid overaggressive nutrition support regimes.