An Unusual Presentation of Congenital Megacolon with A Rare Vascular Anomaly A Case Report

Congenital megacolon also referred to as Hirschsprung’s disease or aganglionic megacolon is characterized by the absence of nerve plexus in the colon, it rarely affects the small intestine. Whereas acquired megacolon is a constant dilatation of the large intestine in the absence of disease but occurs due to various factors such as infections, emotional disturbances, stress, or secondary to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and proctocolitis. In the present case, we report here an unusual form of megacolon. The sigmoid colon was significantly enlarged but twisting or volvulus was not detected. The ascending, transverse, and remaining part of descending colon and mesentery appeared normal, The possibility of false rotation of the gut was excluded. Interestingly, the artery supplying the left one-third of the transverse colon and descending colon originated from a branch of the middle colic artery. This anomalous artery was found to form a communication with the trunk of the inferior mesenteric artery, the Arc of Riolan, and gave branches that supplied the descending colon. The left colic artery was absent. The transverse colon showed a stricture between its right 2/3rd and left 1/3rd, confirming with vascular accidents, resulting in anomalous blood supply and aganglionosis. The dilated part of the sigmoid colon was found to be with ganglion cells, while the distal part after the megacolon, lacked ganglion cells in all layers of the sigmoid colon. This case documents a very rare finding which will make the surgeons aware of a newer arterial pattern associated with congenital megacolon.

Morphometry and Sexual Dimorphism of the Human Clavicle in South Indian Population

Background: In forensic anthropology, determining an individual’s sex is the fundamental criteria of identification, but this is a tough task that gets considerably more difficult when only a single bone, such as the clavicle, is available. In physical anthropology, determining the sex of a deceased individual is a fundamental prerequisite. Physical anthropologists have gotten more concerned about the difficulties of human identity in recent years. Traditional techniques of sexing bone are subjective and ineffective when absolute sexing precision is desired, hence this study. Methods: Measurement of clavicular length and circumference using an Osteometric board or sliding and Vernier Callipers product from 1128 dry clavicles of unknown sex and age procured from various medical institutions and departments of anthropology in south India. Length, inner angle, outer angle, the sum of angles, inner segment, middle segment, outside segment, width at the inner end at an inner angle, least width at conoid tubercle, at the outer end, and mid circumference have all been measured. Results and Discussion: The male mid-shaft circumference is 38.0±0.5mm on the right side and 36.5±0.5mm on the left side, whereas the female mid-shaft circumference is 31.4±0.3mm on the right side and 31.4±0.6mm on the left side. The length of the left clavicle is greater than the length of the right collarbone. The curvature of the right collarbone is higher than that of the left, resulting in a shorter right bone than the left. The clavicle of males has a higher mean across all parameters than females. Male clavicle length is more than female clavicle length, midshaft circumference is less in females than males, and breadth at an inner angle is shorter in females than men, all of which are statistically significant. The Mid-shaft Circumference as a sex-determination metric is statistically significant in differentiating the clavicle’s sex. This delivers a better result than clavicle weight since clavicle weight fluctuates with age and the health state of the individual. Male clavicles have a larger Midshaft Circumference than female clavicles.

Leveraging barrel medic genome sequence for the development and use of genomic resources for genetic analysis and breeding in legumes

BACKGROUND: A total of 62,591 cowpea expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were BLAST aligned to the whole-genome sequence of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) to develop conserved intron scanning primers (CISPs). The efficacy of the primers was tested across 10 different legumes and on different varieties of cowpea, chickpea, and pigeon pea. Genetic diversity was assessed using the same primers on different cowpea genotypes. Singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected, which were later converted to length polymorphism markers for easy genotyping. CISPs developed in this study were used in tagging resistance to bacterial leaf blight disease in cowpea. RESULTS: A total of 1262 CISPs were designed. The single-copy amplification success rates using these primers on 10 different legumes and on different varieties of cowpea, chickpea, and pigeon pea were approximately 60% in most of the legumes except soybean (47%) and peanut (37%). Genetic diversity analysis of 35 cowpea genotypes using 179 CISPs revealed 123 polymorphic markers with PIC values ranging from 0.05 to 0.59. Potential SNPs identified in cowpea, chickpea, and pigeon pea were converted to PCR primers of various sizes for easy genotyping. Using the markers developed in this study, a genetic linkage map was constructed with 11 linkage groups in cowpea. QTL mapping with 194 F3 progeny families derived from the cross C-152 × V-16 resulted in the identification of three QTLs for resistance to bacterial leaf blight disease. Conclusions: CISPs were proved to be efficient markers to identify various other marker classes like SNPs through comparative genomic studies in lesser studied crops and to aid in systematic sampling of the entire genome for well-distributed markers at low cost

Posterior Division of Left Renal Artery is Direct Branch of Abdominal Aorta and early Ramification of Renal Arteries on Both Sides: A Case Report.

Knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the kidney is important not only for Anatomist but also to the surgeons to avoid surgical accidental injuries during partial nephrectomy, renal transplantation, interventional radiological procedures, laparoscopic renal surgeries and donor nephrectomies, urological and renal vascular operations more safely and efficiently. During the routine dissection in the department of Anatomy, Khaja Bandanawaz Institute of Medical Sciences, Gulbarga. We observed an unusual variation in the vascular supply to the kidney on the left side of a 49 years male cadaver. We observed accessory renal artery to supply apical segment and posterior segment is directly coming from abdominal aorta.

Phytochemical screening and antihyperglycemic activity of Heliotropium indicum whole plant in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Present study was designed to screen phytochemical constituents and antihyperglycemic activity of Heliotropium indicum (HI) in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Heliotropium indicum (Boraginaceae) whole plant is used as traditional medicine for a number of ailments including diabetes. The whole plant was collected, shade dried and extracted with different solvents in the increasing order of polarity. When different solvent extracts of HI each at a dose of 500 mg/kg bw were given to diabetic rats, the methanol and aqueous extracts produced significant (P<0.0001) antidiabetic activity. Phytochemical screening of various solvent extracts of HI whole plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, triterpenes, saponins and tannins. When methanol active fraction of Heliotropium indicum (MAFHI) was checked for its antidiabetic activity, the fraction at dose of 750 mg/kg bw produced marked antihyperglycemic activity. The antihyperglycemic activity was also exhibited during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the same dosage of MAFHI.

Advance In Diagnosis of Oral Cancer.

The prognosis for oral cancer remains poor in spite of advances in therapy. Early diagnosis and treatment remains the key to improved patient survival. Because scalpel biopsy for diagnosis is invasive and has potential morbidity, it is reserved for evaluating highly suspicious lesions and not for the lesions which are clinically not suspicious. Early stage oral cancers cannot be adequately identified by visual inspection alone and may be overlooked and neglected. A number of new diagnostic aids to conventional oral examination have recently been introduced to assist in the detection of oral cancer.