Effect of Organic Manures and Biofertilizers on Herb Yield and Economics of Kalmegh (Andrographis panniculata Wall. Ex. Nees. ) var. CIM Megha

Aim: To study the effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth, herb yield and economics of kalmegh.Study Design: The experiment was carried out with 13 treatments in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications.Place and Duration of Study: The research trial was carried out at P.G students research block, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, SKLTSHU, Hyderabad during Kharif, 2021.Results: Among the organic and biofertilizer treatments combinations the results reported that the (T6): 75 % N through VC + 12.5 % N through NC + 12.5 % N through PM + AMC recorded the highest herb yield and Benefit cost ratio compared to other treatments.Conclusion: Organic produce fetches higher price in market compared to inorganic produce, which helped in increasing the gross returns, net returns and highest B:C ratio.

Design and synthesis of novel quercetin metal complexes as IL-6 inhibitors for anti-inflammatory effect in SARS-CoV-2

One of the most common causes of mortality in COVID-19 patients is cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Though several cytokines are involved in CRS, the role of Interleukin 6 is significant. Considering the importance of IL-6 inhibition and the drawbacks of the existing monoclonal antibodies, the present study develops new flavonoid metal complexes as immune boosters targeting IL-6 for SARS-CoV-2 treatment. To identify the potential flavonoids from 152 secondary plant metabolites, PyRx 0.9 tool has been used. The top scorer quercetin was converted into quercetin-oxime. Seven metal complexes (QM-1 to QM-7) were made from quercetin-oxime by utilizing divalent metals such as zinc, copper, magnesium, cobalt, barium, and cadmium. It was assumed that all compounds were moderately soluble and would not penetrate the BBB through in silico ADME studies. However, the in vitro heamolytic research revealed a modest heamolytic effect in all seven complexes. To know the IL-6 inhibitory potential preliminary level, the complexes were screened for cytotoxicity in cell lines MCF-7 which predominantly expresses the IL-6 level. The cytotoxic effects of all complexes were considerable relative to the marketable Nutridac formulation. The complexes quercetin-Zinc (QM1) and quercetin-Zinc-Ascorbic acid (QM7) showed significant cytotoxicity on MCF-7 compared to Nutridac and no cytotoxic toward the normal cell lines.

Presence of Additional Head of Pronator Teres Muscle and Associated Neurovascular Variations: A Rare Case Report

Arm is a site for frequent injuries and it is involved in many surgical procedures. Variations in the arm have immense clinical significance. During the dissection of a right upper limb, brachial artery was found to divide into radial and ulnar arteries, 3cm above the inter-epicondylar plane. The ulnar artery and the median nerve were then passing through a tunnel formed by an extensive additional humeral head of the pronator teres muscle. Two centimetres long fibromuscular tunnel formed by the humeral head of the pronator teres was found to arise from the medial intermuscular septum and also from the fibrous arch form the shaft of the humerus to the medial intermuscular septum. In the same cadaver, the superior ulnar collateral artery was found to arise from the profunda brachii artery which is otherwise a branch of the brachial artery. Accurate knowledge of these variation patterns is of considerable clinical significance in conduct of surgeries of arm, fracture management of humerus and diagnosis of various compressive neuropathies.

Petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis (Linn. ) enhances bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and facilitates osteoblastogenesis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis on the proliferation rate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the differentiation of marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts (osteoblastogenesis) and extracellular matrix calcification. This study also aimed to determine the additive effect of osteogenic media and Cissus quadrangularis on proliferation, differentiation and calcification. METHODS: MSCs were cultured in media with or without Cissus quadrangularis for 4 weeks and were then stained for alkaline phosphatase. Extracellular matrix calcification was confirmed by Von Kossa staining. marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultures in control media and osteogenic media supplemented with Cissus quadrangularis extract (100, 200, 300 µg/mL) were also subjected to a cell proliferation assay (MTT). RESULTS: Treatment with 100, 200 or 300 µg/mL petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis enhanced the differentiation of marrow mesenchymal stem cells into ALP-positive osteoblasts and increased extracellular matrix calcification. Treatment with 300 µg/mL petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis also enhanced the proliferation rate of the marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cells grown in osteogenic media containing Cissus quadrangularis exhibited higher proliferation, differentiation and calcification rates than did control cells. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that Cissus quadrangularis stimulates osteoblastogenesis and can be used as preventive/alternative natural medicine for bone diseases such as osteoporosis.