ABSTRACT
almost ninety percent of post-menopausal females with endometrial cancer report a vaginal bleeding experience. Objectives: To ?nd correlation of radiological and histopathological ?ndings so that early evaluation of malignancy can be done. The Present Study included 50 Patients with abnormal uterine Materials And Methods: bleeding in postmenopausal women, aged between 45-70 years. All patients were subjected to transvaginal ultrasonographic evaluation of the endometrium and the results were correlated to the histopathological picture of the endometrium after curettage in an attempt to discriminate normal endometrium from abnormal pathological patterns. Results And Analysis: Thirteen patients (26%) had pathological ?ndings. There was signi?cant difference in the mean endometrial thickness of non- pathological and abnormal endometrium in postmenopausal patients with P value <0.001**. Among the thirteen patients with pathological ?ndings eight had endometrial hyperplasia, two had polyp and three had malignancies. It may be Conclusions: concluded that vaginal sonographic measurement of endometrial thickness is an acceptable less invasive alternative to hysteroscopy and D & C and needs to be popularized as ?rst line investigation in the management of Postmenopausal bleeding in rural population
ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: The symptoms of celiac disease (CD) are varied and metabolic bone disease (MBD) is less recognized amongst all manifestations in CD patients. Bone disease in CD is attributed to secondary hyperparathyroidism, which in turn is associated with increased bone remodelling. Improvement in bone mineral density (BMD) with gluten free diet (GFD) is known, but the data on efficacy of bisphosphonates in CD patients are limited. Bisphosphonates being a potent inhibitor of bone resorption may be useful in patients with CD having low BMD. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of zoledronic acid on BMD in CD patients. Methods: A total of 28 CD patients were randomized to receive GFD, calcium and cholecalciferol (group A), and zoledronic acid (group B). Baseline biochemical tests and T-score by dual energy x-ray absorptiometer were done and repeated after 12 months. Results: The T-score showed improvement in the control arm (group A) from -3.31 ± 1.46 to -2.12 ± 1.44, a gain of 35.9 per cent (P<0.05) and in drug arm (group B) -2.82 ± 1.27 to -1.06 ± 1.84, registering a gain of 62.4 per cent (P<0.001). However, there was no difference in improvement of T-score in zoledronic acid group as compared to the control group. Interpretation & conclusions: Administration of zoledronic acid was not found to be better than GFD alone in increasing BMD in CD patients with low BMD in this pilot study.