Lipofibromatous hamartoma of the digital branches of the median nerve presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome: A rare case report with review of the literature.

Lipofibromatous hamartoma (LFH) is a rare, benign fibrofatty tumor composed of a proliferation of mature adipocytes within peripheral nerves, which form a palpable neurogenic mass. It affects the median nerve in 66–80% of cases, causing pain and sensory and motor deficits in the affected nerve distribution. Patients typically present with gradually enlarging nontender lesions in the distribution of the affected nerve. The lesion is also seen to be associated with macrodactyly. The pathophysiology of LFH is unknown. Treatment of LFH is based on symptoms of the condition. Histopathology is characteristic. We present a case of young male diagnosed as lipofibromatous hamartoma of the median nerve involving the right index finger. The case is presented due to its rarity.

Role of FNAC in cytological diagnosis of metastatic lymph node.

Background: FNAC not only confirms the presence of metastatic disease, but also gives the clue regarding the nature and origin of primary malignancy Aim and objective: To Assess the usefulness of FNAC in diagnosis of metastatic lymph node. Data were arranged according to lymph node involved and morphological diagnosis. Study design: Study material comprises of 56 lymph node aspirate diagnosed metastatic carcinoma in cytology out of total 383 cases of Lymphnode aspiration in a one year. Method: All FNACs were performed using a 22 gauge needle. An average minimum of 4 slides were made, Slides were routinely stained with both leishmann, Giemsa and Papanicolaou (PAP) stains. Results: Out of total 383 lymph node aspirate 56 cases showed metastasis Lymphnode while 327 cases showed other lesion of lymph node. Cervical lymph node was the commonest group involved. Metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma was the most common diagnosis made on cytology. Conclusion: In our study we feel that FNAC of lymph nodes as a first line of investigation in developing countries. It is not only useful in the diagnosis of suspected or unsuspected metastatic neck nodes, but can also help in starting the specific therapy in time thus reducing mortality and morbidity.

A study of seroprevalence and determinants of HIV and HBsAg among antenatal mothers in tertiary and secondary care hospital at Bareilly.

Background: HIV and Hepatitis B are devastating diseases causing serious global public health problems and are rampant in this part of the country. Risk of vertical transmission occurs in a large number of cases in the absence of immunoprophylaxis. About 30% of world’s population has serological evidence of current or past infection with HBV. Detection of carriers is important in control of infections of this magnitude, failure of which may result in serious complications. Aims & Objective: To study of seroprevalence & determinants of HIV and HBsAg among antenatal mothers in tertiary & secondary care hospitals at Bareilly. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly. All patients attending Antenatal OPD of a Tertiary and secondary care hospitals, over a period of three years were assessed by subjecting them to serological tests for detection of HIV & HBsAg. Data was extensively analyzed and compared. Results: A total of 30,162 patients attended antenatal OPD during the study period, of which 20,699 were tested for HIV and 20,941 were tested for HBsAg. Of these, 12 (0.058%) were positive for HIV and 37 (0.18%) were positive for HBsAg. Conclusion: We studied the dynamics of HIV and Hepatitis B Virus transmission among pregnant women and the factors responsible for its spread to help us take plausible interventions to prevent vertical transmission. The seroprevalence of HIV & HBsAg was low, nonetheless posing a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of HIV is found to be low, but it cannot actually be determined due to a very high refusal rate.

Cytokeratin 5/6 expression in benign and malignant breast lesions.

Background: Cytokeratin s (CK) are used for the fingerprinting of carcinomas in general. In breast tissue, the luminal epithelial cells express CK 8/18, CK 7 and CK 19, while basal/myoepithelial cells express CK 5/6, CK 14 and CK 17. Material and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 5/6 was applied on cell block sections of 23 cases of benign and 25 cases of malignant breast lesions using avidin biotin peroxidase technique. The distribution and intensity of staining was recorded and graded semiquantitatively. Result: All benign lesions showed positive immunoreaction, with the staining index varying from 6-9, except lactating adenoma. The malignant lesions comprised three cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 22 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified, IDC (NOS). None of the DCIS cases showed a positive immunoreaction. Among the IDC (NOS) lesions, six cases of grade III breast carcinoma exhibited a positive immunohistochemical reaction, the staining index of which varied from 2-6. The staining reaction in the malignant lesions was only cytoplasmic and the intensity was significantly less than that of benign lesions. Conclusion: CK 5/6 expression breast carcinoma implies a 'basal like' molecular phenotype and is associated with poor prognosis. This antibody is also used as a component of panels to differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions.